Neuroplacticity

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Last updated 4:58 PM on 4/19/26
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9 Terms

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Neuroplasticity

The ability of neurons to change their function, chemical profile,

and/or structure.

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3 Types of Neuroplaciticty

  1. Habituation

  2. Experience dependent placitcity

  3. Recovery vs maladaption following injury

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Habituation

  • Decrease in response to a repeated, benign stimulus

  • Not a permanent change

  • Short-term (<30 min) (presynaptic change) (neurotransmitters/Ca 2+) (lower synaptic strength)

  • Long-term (prolonged repetition of stimulus) (post synaptic change) (protein synthesis)

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Experience Dependent Placiticty

  • Involves persistent, long-lasting changes in the strength of synapses

  • Involves synthesis of new proteins, growth of new synapses, modification of existing synapses

    • 2 types: long-term potentiation and long-term depression

    • Excite gluamatergenic synapses and assist with learning + memory formation

    • Can occur pre-synaptically through changes in neurotransmitter release or post-synaptically through changes in receptor density or efficiency.

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Long-term potentiation (LTP)

  • Silent synapse (lack functional gluatmate AMPA receptors) —> active synapse (AMPA receptors are inserted into synaptic membrane = glutamate binds to exposed receptors)

  • Mobile AMPA receptors move between the cytoplasm and synaptic membrane

    • Shpae of postsynaptic membrane changes —> generates a new dendritic spine

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Long-term depression

Conversion of an active synapse to a silent synapse by the removal of AMPA receptors from the membrane into the cytoplasm

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Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)

  • Used for experience-dependent plasticity

  • Use of magnetic field to induce an electrical current in a small area of the brain

  • Goal: enhance or inhibit motor learning and memory formation

  • When applied to primary motor cortex it enhances the duration of motor memories

    • When applied to the dorsal premotor cortex it enhances motor memory consolidation

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10 Principles of neuroplasticity

  1. Use it or lose it

  2. Use it and improve it

  3. Specificity

  4. Repetition matters

  5. Intensity matters

  6. Time matters

  7. Salience matters - based on what the brain finds important

  8. Age matters

  9. Transference - transfer to another behavior

  10. Interference - blocks acquisition of other behaviors

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