8.1 Circulatory System

Mammalian Circulatory System
> C__ d__ circulation w/ heart, blood, arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins
>> Called double bc blood flows from heart → l__ → h__ → rest of b__ → heart

P__: deoxy → l__ ;; s__: oxy → rest of body

closed double, lungs, heart, body, pulmonary, lungs, systemic

Blood vessels: arteries
> carry blood __ (to/away from) the heart ;; s__ lumen
> high p__ so t__ elastic walls
> has s__ m__

away from, small, pressure, thick, smooth muscle

what is this (smaller lumen)

artery

Elastic arteries
> l__, walls can s__, less s__ m__, don’t do v__/vasodilation

Muscular arteries
> s__, closer to f__ destination, m__ smooth muscle, c__ do vasoconstriction/vasodilation
> branches into smaller a__ (smooth muscle contract to make lumen smaller = controls flow of blood)

larger, stretch, smooth muscle, vasoconstriction, smaller, final, more, can, arterioles

Capillaries
> tiny vessels (w__ are _ c__ t__) w/ enough space for r__ b__ c__ to flow
>> less d__ distance = fast exchange
> has g__ in w__ were p__ can l__ out → tissue fluid
> delivers n__, hormones etc to c__ & take away waste

walls, 1 cell thick, red blood cells, diffusion, gaps, walls, plasma, leak, nutrients, cells

capillary

Veins
> carry l__ p__ blood back → h__ so t__ walls
> l__ lumen = less f__ ;; have v__ for 1 way flow
> kept moving via s__ by c__ of b__ m__ around veins e.g. legs when walking

low pressure, heart, thin, larger, friction, valves, squeezing, contraction, body muscle

larger lumen

vein

left, right

Vessel	Systemic/pulmonary	Carries from	Carries to	Blood (deoxy or oxy?)
Pulmonary artery	Pulmonary	Heart	__	__
Pulmonary vein	Pulmonary	Lungs	__	Oxygenated
A__	Systemic	Heart	Rest of body	Oxygenated
Vena cava	Systemic	__	Heart	__

lungs, deoxy, heart, aorta, rest of body, deoxy

Red blood cells
> transport __ from lungs → tissues
> very s__ & f__ ;; b__ d__ shape = incr sa : vol = fast d__ in/out
> have h__ ;; no n__/mitochondria/ER = more space for haemoglobin

O2, small, flexible, biconcave disc, diffusion, haemoglobin, nucleus

red blood cell

platelet

Phagocytes
2 types: m__ (k__ shaped nucleus) & n__ (l__ nucleus)
> w__ b__ c__ that e__ & digest unwanted cells
> l__ than red blood cells

monocyte, kidney, neutrophil, lobed, white blood cells, engulf, larger

monocyte

neutrophil

Lymphocyte
> w__ b__ c__ that respond to p__ by s__ antibodies/destroying them
> nucleus fills most of the cell

white blood cells, pathogens, secreting

lymphocyte

H₂O in blood
> m__ component of p__ & t__ f__
> is a s__ so good for transport
> h__ s__ h__ c__ = temp wont change e__ = transfers h__ around body = c__ temp
>> when passing thru warmer regions, heat energy is a__ but temp is still same

main, plasma, tissue fluid, solvent, high specific heat capacity, easily, heat, constant, absorbed

Plasma is the l__ part of blood ;; transports d__ subst & heat

Tissue fluid
> t__ g__ in c__ walls + high p__ at a__ end = plasma l__ out = tissue fluid
> similar to p__, but l__ mols/p__ can’t fit thru p__
> covers body c__ = O₂/glucose/urea can move between plasma & cells via tissue fluid
> some can move back into c__ at v__ end (low pressure) = plasma

liquid, dissolved, tiny gaps, capillary, pressure, arteriole, leaks, plasma, large, protein, pores, cells, capillary, venule