Chapter 2

Detailed fill-in-the-blank practice cards covering Dalton's Atomic Theory, subatomic particle discoveries, atomic notation, and molecular formulas based on Chapter 2 lecture notes.

Elements are composed of extremely small particles here referred to as ________.

atoms

Atoms of a given element are identical in terms of having the same ________, mass, and chemical properties.

size

In any compound, the ratio of the numbers of atoms of any two of the elements present are either an integer or a ________.

simple fraction

A chemical reaction involves only the ________, combination, or rearrangement of atoms.

separation

Chemical reactions do not result in the _________ or creation of atoms.

destruction

The ________ states that different compounds made up of the same element differ in the number of atoms of each kind that combine in a simple whole number ratio.

law of multiple proportion

JJ Thompson used the ________ to measure the charge to mass ratio of the electron.

cathode ray tube

Millikan used the ________ experiment to measure the mass of the electron.

oil droplet

The mass of the electron figured out by Millikan is about ________.

$$9.1 \times 10^{-28}\,g$$

The ________ model proposes that electrons are embedded in a uniform positively charged sphere.

Plumb Pudling model

Rutherford passed ________ through a gold foil to determine that an atom's positive charge is concentrated in the nucleus.

alpha particle

According to Rutherford, the mass of the proton is about ________ times the mass of an electron.

$$1840$$

________ bombarded a beryllium nucleus with an alpha particle to discover the third subatomic particle.

Chadwick

The mass of the proton is approximately the same as the mass of the neutron, which is equal to ________.

$$1.67 \times 10^{-24}\,g$$

The ________, abbreviated as Z, is the number of protons in the nucleus.

atomic number

The ________, abbreviated as A, is the number of protons plus the number of neutrons.

mass number

In a ________, the number of protons is equivalent to the number of electrons.

neutral atom

________ are atoms of the same element with different number of neutrons in their nuclei.

isotope

On the periodic table, horizontal rows are referred to as ________.

period

Group 1 elements are known as ________.

alkali metals

Group 2 elements are known as ________.

alkaline metals

Group 7 elements have the alternative name of ________.

halogen

An aggregate of two or more atoms in a definite arrangement held together by chemical forces is a ________.

molecule

A ________ molecule contains only two atoms, such as $HCl$ or $CO$.

diatomic

A ________ is an ion with a positive charge, formed when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons.

cation

An ________ is an ion with a negative charge, formed when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons.

anion

The ________ formula shows the exact number of atoms of each element in the smallest unit of a substance.

empirical formula

The ________ formula shows the simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a substance.

empirical formula

The ________ model gives a more realistic picture of a molecule by considering the relative sizes of the atoms.

space filling model