FSHN exam 3

What is a diverse gut microbiome and why is it important?

A diverse gut microbiome consists of a wide variety of beneficial microorganisms that support digestion, immunity, and overall health.

Which dietary changes can increase gut microbiome diversity?

Increasing fiber intake from fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, and including a variety of foods.

What are examples of fermented foods?

Yogurt, kefir, sauerkraut, kimchi, kombucha, and miso.

What did the Stanford Study (2021) find regarding fermented foods?

Participants consuming high amounts of fermented foods showed increased microbiome diversity and reduced inflammatory markers.

Why is it important to choose probiotics from a reputable source?

To ensure the supplement contains the claimed bacteria, as probiotics aren’t tightly regulated and might lack quality control.

What is the link between sugary drinks and obesity?

High calorie content with little satiety leads to overconsumption, causing potential weight gain.

What recommendation does the American Heart Association make regarding sugary drinks for children and teens?

Limit sugary drinks to 1 eight-ounce serving or less per week.

What health risks are associated with high consumption of soft drinks?

Increased risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and fatty liver disease.

How does fructose contribute to fatty liver disease?

Excess fructose in sugary drinks contributes to liver fat accumulation more than glucose.

What are the differences between dietary fiber and functional fiber?

Dietary fiber is found naturally in plants, while functional fiber is added to foods for specific benefits.

What are some benefits of dietary fiber?

Promotes digestion, heart health, and weight management.

What is the trend regarding ultra-processed food consumption in the U.S.?

Around 60% of American calories are from ultra-processed foods, leading to increased obesity and metabolic disease risk.

What is the role of soluble fiber in health?

Soluble fiber lowers cholesterol and is found in foods like oats and beans.

What concerns did the Israeli Study raise about artificial sweeteners?

Daily consumption of saccharin and sucralose was linked to glucose metabolism issues and could raise diabetes risk.

Where does carbohydrate digestion begin?

Carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth with salivary amylase.

What carbohydrates do not require digestion?

Monosaccharides like glucose are absorbed directly, while fiber cannot be digested by human enzymes.