GI NUTRITION PART 2

inappropriate relaxation of the Lower Esophageal Sphincter (LES), hiatal hernia, delayed gastric emptying, excessive intra abdominal and gastric pressure are key risk factors for what?

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

what is going up into the esophagus to erode tissue in GERD?

hydrochloric acid

what disease has manifestations of indigestion, pyrosis, coughing, pained swallowing, epigastric pain, & dental caries?

GERD

what can relieve pain in a GERD patient?

sitting upright & taking antacids

what does a esophageal manometry do?

records LES pressure & activity of esophagus to diagnose GERD (NPO before procedure)

what is a hallmark of GERD?

reflux esophagitis

hemorrhage, ulceration, and aspiration pneumonia can occur as a result of what?

uncontrolled GERD

what are 5 risk factors for developing GERD?

large meals, obesity or pregnancy, stress, hiatal hernia

what is a hiatal hernia?

stomach pushes up into esophagus

anticholinergic drugs can lower what that leads to GERD?

lowers LES pressure

what other diagnostic tests can be done for GERD?

EGD & barium swallow

proton pump inhibitors (-zolol meds) treat what prophylactically?

stress ulcers

antacids, H2-receptor blockers, proton pump inhibitors, prokinetic agents, & sucralfate are given to treat what?

GERD

what does histamine make the body produce more of?

acid

what do prokinetic agents to the GI tract?

increase movement

metaclopramide is an example of what kind of drug?

prokinetic agent

eating small meals slowly, low fat diet, sitting upright when eating, being alert for aspiration possibility (chronic cough), elevate HOB slightly when sleeping, & losing weight should be taught to patients dealing with what?

GERD

what does a stretta procedure do & what does it treat?

radiofrequency applied thru endoscope to thicken muscle & contract LES muscle. treats GERD

Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication (LNF) surgically reinforces what to manage what disease?

reinforces LES to manage GERD

what does a post-op fundoplication patient need to do during movement or coughing ?

splinting incision

why should NSAIDs & ASA (aspirin) be avoided for 10 days post-fundoplication?

risk of bleeding

what are the 4 major practices done for GI disorder patients post-op to help manage recovery better?

avoid offending foods/beverages, eat 4-6 small meals/day, remain upright after eating, elevate HOB

impaired swallowing, gas bloating, & pneumonia are possible complications after what procedure?

fundoplication

what GI disorder is common in premature babies?

GERD

how do you monitor for I&O in infants with GERD?

weighing wet diapers & the infant

newborns with cleft palate are at risk for what when consuming liquids?

choking & liquids coming out of nose

how should you encourage a mother with a newborn w/cleft palate to feed her child?

breastfeeding

how should a newborn with cleft palate eat thru a bottle?

using a wide-based nipple with a one-way valve

what does squeezing a newborn cleft plate’s cheeks together during feeding do?

decrease the gap

when is cleft lip repair done?

at 3 months

when is cleft palate repaired?

before 18 months

what is a palpable, painless mass formed between the stomach & small intestine called?

pyloric stenosis

what does vomit from a newborn with pyloric stenosis look like?

projectile

what is needed to fix pyloric stenosis?

surgery in first 2mo

what is gastritis?

inflammation of the gastric mucosa lining

histamine releases in response to a break in the protective barrier of the stomach, causing what to diffuse back into the mucosa & injure small vessels in gastritis?

hydrochloric acid

what is the worst case scenario in gastritis?

hemorrhaging & erosion of stomach lining

what does it means if intrinsic factor is lost? (which can happen in gastritis)

depletion of vitamin B12

what can happen if vitamin B12 is lost?

pernicious anemia

True or False: Chronic gastritis is associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer.

True

in GI disorders, why is an EGD important?

it gets visual of the gastric tissue

if a client has pernicious anemia, what do they need?

vitamin B12 infections

caution with ASAs, NSAIDs, corticosteriods, alcohol, and caffeine are key in preventing what?

gastritis

block/buffer gastric acid secretions to relieve pain is drug therapy used for what GI disorder?

gastritis

what is a medication for prostaglandins production (gastritis)?

misoprostol

h.pylori can cause gastritis. what can it be treated with?

antibiotics

example of an antiulcer or muscosal barrier

sucralfate