Psych chapter 15

agoraphobia, 589

which is a fear of going out to public places

anhedonia, 597

a diminished ability to experience pleasure.

anorexia nervosa, 624

involves intense fear of gaining weight, disturbed body image, refusal to maintain normal weight, and dangerous measures to lose weight. 

antisocial personality disorder, 614

is marked by impulsive, callous, manipulative, aggressive, and irrespon- sible behaviour. 

anxiety disorder, 587

a class of disorders marked by feelings of excessive apprehension and anxiety.is marked by a chronic, high level of anxiety that is not tied to any specific threat.

autism spectrum disorder, 616

refers to a developmental disorder characterized by social and emotional def- icits, along with repetitive and stereotypic behav- iours, interests, and activities.

availability heuristic, 629

in which the estimated prob- ability of an event is based on the ease with which relevant instances come to mind.

binge-eating disorder, 625

involves distress-inducing eating binges that are not accompanied by the purging, fasting, and excessive exercise seen in bulimia.

bipolar I disorder, 599

(formerly known as *manic- depressive disorder*) is characterized by the expe- rience of one or more manic episodes as well as periods of depression. 

borderline personality disorder, 615

is marked by instability in social relationships, self-image, and emotional functioning.

bulimia nervosa, 625

involves habitually engaging in out-of-control overeating fol- lowed by unhealthy compensatory efforts, such as self-induced vomiting, fasting, abuse of laxatives and diuretics, and exces- sive exercise.

concordance rate, 593

indicates the percentage of twin pairs or other pairs of relatives who exhibit the same disorder.

conjunction fallacy, 628

occurs when people estimate that the odds of two uncertain events happening together are greater than the odds of either event happening alone.

culture-bound disorder, 620

are abnormal syndromes found only in a few cultural groups.

delusions, 607

are false beliefs that are maintained even though they clearly are out of touch with reality.

diagnosis, 582

involves distin- guishing one illness from another.

dissociative amnesia, 595

is a sudden loss of memory for important personal information that is too extensive to be due to normal forgetting.

dissociative disorders, 595

are a class of disorders in which people lose contact with portions of their consciousness or memory, resulting in disruptions in their sense of identity.

dissociative identity disorder (DID), 596

involves a disruption of identity marked by the experience of two or more largely complete, and usually very dif- ferent, personalities.

eating disorders, 624

are severe disturbances in eating behaviour char- acterized by preoccupation with weight and unhealthy efforts to control weight.

epidemiology, 586

the study of the distribution of mental or physical disorders in a population. 

etiology, 582

refers to the apparent causation and developmental his- tory of an illness.

expressed emotion (EE), 611

is the degree to which a relative of a schizophrenic patient dis- plays highly critical or emotionally overinvolved attitudes toward the patient. 

generalized anxiety disorder, 588

is marked by a chronic, high level of anxiety that is not tied to any specific threat.

hallucinations, 607

are sensory perceptions that occur in the absence of a real, external stimulus or are gross distortions of per- ceptual input. 

major depressive disorder, 597

people show per- sistent feelings of sadness and despair and a loss of interest in previous sources of pleasure.

medical model, 581

proposes that it is useful to think of abnormal behaviour as a disease.

narcissistic personality disorder, 615

is marked by a grandiose sense of self-importance, a sense of entitlement, and an excessive need for attention and admiration.

obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), 589

is marked by persistent, uncontrollable intrusions of unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and urges to engage in senseless rituals (compulsions).

panic disorder, 588

is characterized by recurrent attacks of overwhelming anxiety that usually occur suddenly and unexpectedly. 

personality disorder, 614

are a class of disorders marked by extreme, inflexible personality traits that cause subjective distress or impaired social and occupa- tional functioning.

postpartum depression, 600

a type of depres- sion that sometimes occurs after childbirth. 

prevalence, 586

refers to the percentage of a population that exhibits a disorder during a specified time period.

prognosis, 582

is a forecast about the probable course of an illness.

representativeness heuristic, 627

in which the estimated probability of an event is based on how similar the event is to the typical prototype of that event 

schizophrenia, 605

is a disorder marked by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, negative symp- toms (e.g., diminished emotional expression), and deterioration of adaptive behaviour.

seasonal affective disorder (SAD), 600

a type of depression that follows a seasonal pat- tern,

specific phobia, 588ƒ

involves a persistent and irrational fear of an object or situation that presents no realistic danger.