Day Eight (Chapter 16 & 17)

Urination

Voiding

Normal Color: Pale yellow & transparent

Changes in can be a result from…

• Medications

• Certain food (Beets)

• Vitamins & Supplements (Vitamin B- Bright Yellow)

Promote normal urination:

- Offer trips to the bathroom / bedpans

- Respond to call bells immediately

- Proper position

- Plenty of Privacy

- Encourage fluids

**Proper perineal care- wipe front to back.

Assisted devices

Fracture Pan- Flatter than a regular pan

→ Used for residents who cannot assist w/ raising their hips.

*Kept in the bathroom in between uses

• Urine and feces are considered infectious waste (must wear gloves when handling)

Portable Commode- A chair with a toilet seat and a removable container underneath.

Urinary Incontinence

The inability to control the bladder, which leads to an involuntary loss of urine.

It can occur in residents who are…

• Confined in bed

• Ill

• Elderly

• Paralyzed

• Circulatory or Nervous system diseases or injuries

Different Types of Incontinence-

1) Stress Incontinence: Loss of urine due to an increase in intra-abdominal pressure.

2) Urge Incontinence: Involuntary Voiding

3) Mixed Incontinence: A combination of both urge & stress.

4) Functional Incontinence: Urine loss caused by other factors

5) Overflow incontinence: Overflow of the bladder

Kidney Stones

Urine crystallizes in the kidney

May be the result of lack of fluid intake, diet, infection, disorders, or certain genetic factors.

Renovascular Hypertension

Blockage of arteries in the kidneys causes high bp

Specimen

A sample that is used for analysis in order to try to make a diagnosis.

→ A routine Urine Specimen: Is collected any time the resident voids

Hat- A plastic collection container sometimes put into a toilet bowl to collect and measure urine or stool.

→ Clean Catch Specimen: Does not include the first and last urine voided in the sample.
→ 24-hr Urine Specimen: Collects all the urine voided in 24 hrs.

Searching for…

• pH levels

• Glucose & Ketones (Chemical substances produced when burning fats for fuel)

• Blood

• Nitrites

• Specific Gravity