Functional Group Tests

Bromine test reagents

Br₂ / CCl₄

Bromine test group

alkenes and alkynes

Bromine test positive result

Brown color disappears

Baeyer test reagents

Diluted KMnO₄

Baeyer test group

alkenes and alkynes

Baeyer test positive result

Purple → brown

Silver Nitrate in Alcohol group

alkyl halides

Silver Nitrate in Alcohol positive result

precipitate formation

Iodoform test reagents

I₂/NaOH

Iodoform test group

methyl ketones

Iodoform test positive result

Yellow precipitate (iodoform)

Tollen’s test reagents

Ag₂O/NH₃ or Ag(NH₃)₂

Tollen’s test group

aldehydes

Tollen’s test positive result

silver mirror along side of tube

Lucas test reagents

ZnCl₂/HCl

Lucas test group

secondary, tertiary, and benzylic alcohols

Lucas test positive result

cloudy

Lucas test does not show positive result to primary alcohols because the reaction is:

S_N1

Jones test reagents

CrO₃/H₂SO₄

Jones test group

primary and secondary alcohols

Jones test positive result

blue-green color