Social Psychology Chapters 9-13

Prejudice and Attitude: Cognitive

Stereotyping

Prejudice and Attitude: Affective

Prejudice

Prejudice and Attitude: Behavioral

Discrimination

Stereotype = Thought

a specific kind of schema and beliefs about the characteristics of group members and theories about why these characteristics go together

Prejudice = Feeling

hostile or negative feelings toward a distinguishable group of people, based solely on their membership in the group

Discrimination = Behavior

behavior directed toward a person simply because of presumed group membership

Allport’s 5 levels of discrimination

antilocution, avoidance, discrimination, physical attack, extermination

Antiocution

verbal prejudice/images/propaganda

Avoidance

complete avoidance or increases social space

Discrimination

taking action to exclude all members of a social group

Physical attack

acts of violence

Extermination

lynching, massacres, genocide

How are stereotypes formed?

ingroups and outgroups; social learning

Ingroups

ingroup bias (why people prefer those who we perceive as belonging to the same group as ourselves over “outsiders”)

Outgroup

outgroup homogeneity bias (perceive members of an “outgroup” as more similar to each other)

Social Learning

Stereotypes change depending on time and location

Why do stereotypes persist?

it’s a schema, subcategorization: information inconsistent with stereotypes will make someone think that person is an “exception” and lead to the creation of a new stereotype

Types of Prejudice: Nonprejudiced

• no automatic component

• no controlled component

Implicit Prejudice

• yes automatic component

• no controlled component

Overt Prejudice

• yes automatic component

• yes controlled component

Newly Prejudiced

• no automatic component

• yes controlled component

Overt Prejudice

• realistic conflict theory

• ingroups perceive threat from outgroups

• social identity threat

• minority groups scargoated

Realistic Conflict Theory

holds that limited resources lead to conflict between groups and result in prejudice and discrimination

Implicit Prejudice

disparate judgment or treatment of an individual or group based on their social group membership, resulting from one’s lack of awareness or ability to effectively regulate activated stereotypes or attitudes

Implicit Prejudice is Ambiguous

• expressed in an unclear or contradictory way (justification/suppression model)

• moral credentialing (“my best friend is _____”)

• microgressions

• indirect measures like neuroimaging data (activation of the amygdala) and implicit association test