WESTERN CIV FINAL PT. 2 45 SHORT ANSWER

After WWII the USSR emerged as what? Why was the Soviet emergence considered a significant achievement?

#2 superpower, WWII devastation

Why did the USSR have hostilities towards the west?

the allies did not help as much as they needed in WWI

What did Khrushchev begin in 1956?

Destalinization

List the achievements of Khrushchev.

Sputnik, kept up with US in arms race, first man in space

What system did Brezhnev use?

returned to stalinistic system

What was the 1962 crisis that almost resulted in nuclear war?

Cuban Missile Crisis

What was the Brezhnev Doctrine?

the Soviet Union has the right to protect communist governments in eastern Europe

How did Soviet invasion of Afghanistan prove to be disastrous?

Beginning of Soviet decline

During the Cold War what shaped U.S policies?

Containment

What convinced the US that communist expansion must be stopped?

Soviet controlled eastern Europe, communists won in China, Korean War

In 1941 what did Henry Luce declare? Who was he?

Declares 20th century was the American century, publisher of TIME magazine

What was the domino theory?

one by one nations will fall to communism

Who was Joseph McCarthy? What was McCarthyism?

Wisconsin senator, second red scare witch hunt for communists

What was containment? What did this foreign policy generate?

stop the spread of communism, Korean + Vietnam wars

What is MAD?

mutually assured destruction

When did US world power begin to diminish? Why?

1975 fall of Saigon, US failure of containment in Vietnam

Describe the white population of South Africa during the 1990s.

15% of the population

When did racial inequality become systemic in South Africa? Why?

1948, Afrikaner nationalists won a white only election

What did the apartheid create?

Segregation through a ruthless police state

Describe the apartheid’s distribution of land.

Whites owned 87%

Along with leading Africa’s economy, what else did it lead the world with?

unequal income distribution

Describe the African National Congress

Major apartheid opposition organization

Who was Nelson Mandela?

leader of ANC, apartheid put him in prison for 30yrs

When did the South African white supremacy finally end?

1994

Describe the basic inequalities that still existed between whites and blacks?

whites had 6x more income

French colony that fought for independence after WW2

Indochina

Communist leader of North Vietnam

Ho Chi Minh

Communist Revolutionaries that fought against French

Vietminh

Battle where Vietnam won independence from French

Dien Bien Phu

Dividing line between North Korea and South Korea

17th parallel

Stop the spread of communism

Containment

Domino Theory

One by one nations will fall to communism

Capital of North Vietnam

Hanoi

Capital of South Vietnam

Saigon - fell 1975

North Vietnamese supply line through Laos and Cambodia

Ho Chi Minh Trail

President of South Vietnam: puppet for US

Ngo Dinh Diem

NVA

North Vietnamese Army

ARVN

Army of the Republic of Vietnam

NLF

National Liberation Front

VC

Viet Cong

Gulf of Tonkin Incident

NVA gun boats may have fired on US destroyer

Escalation

LBJ increases US involvement

US commander in Vietnam War

William Westmoreland

TET

Vietnamese new year, turning point for North

Process of Shifting responsibility of the US back to South Vietnam

Vietnamization