KQ2.5 Battle of Somme & Passchendaele

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World History

World Wars

Last updated 9:59 AM on 6/10/24
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5 Terms

1
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Why did Somme (1916) happen?

  1. The British wanted to break the stalemate of war

  2. The attack was originally planned for August 1916, but the British decided to attack sooner, taking pressure off the French (they were suffering at Verdun)

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What was the plan for Somme?

  1. Field Marshall Heig thought a huge offensive would work ‘Big Push’

  2. Week long artillery bombardment

  3. Lots of new recruits (Pals Battalions)

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What actually happened at Somme?

  1. Started 1 July 1916

  2. German trenches dug deeper than expected, weren’t affected much

  3. Most allied troops shot down

  4. Troops couldn’t get past barbed wire

  5. BAD FIRST DAY (deadliest in British History) ~60k casualties

  6. Ends on Nov, Allies only advanced 9km

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Why did Passchendaele (Jul-Nov1917) happen?

  1. Thought Germans were near collapse

  2. 1 big blow to finish Germans off

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What actually happened at Passchendaele?

7 June: 19 mines detonated under German lines
10k Germans instantly killed
Oct: BAD WEATHER; WET GROUND, MUD, DROWNING, ARTILLERY STUCK. tanks not used
2700NZ Troops killed, worst day in NZ history
TOO MANY CASUALTIES (200k-450k)
mustard gas
soldier morale DOWN DOWN DOWN