1.3 Reacting Masses & Volumes

Define stoichiometry

The relationship between the amounts of reactants and products in a chemical reaction based on balanced equations

Define balanced chemical equation

An equation in which the number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides, obeying the law of conservation of mass

State the law of conservation of mass

Matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction; total mass remains constant

Define reacting ratio

The ratio of moles of substances in a chemical reaction as given by the coefficients in a balanced equation

Define concentration

The amount of solute dissolved in a given volume of solution, usually expressed in mol dm⁻³

Define solution

A homogeneous mixture formed when a solute is dissolved in a solvent

Define solute

The substance that is dissolved in a solvent to form a solution

Define solvent

The substance that dissolves a solute to form a solution

Define titration

A technique used to determine the concentration of a solution by reacting it with a solution of known concentration

Define end point (titration)

The point in a titration at which the indicator changes colour, indicating completion of reaction

Define equivalence point

The point in a titration where the reacting substances are present in exact stoichiometric proportions

Define standard solution

A solution of accurately known concentration used in titrations

Define yield (in reactions)

The amount of product obtained from a chemical reaction

Define gas volume relationships in chemistry

The principle that gases react in simple whole-number ratios of volumes under the same conditions of temperature and pressure.

Define ideal gas behaviour

The behaviour of a gas that follows the gas laws exactly, assuming no intermolecular forces and negligible particle volume