Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) and One Health Lecture Flashcards

A set of practice flashcards covering the key concepts of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR), the One Health approach, veterinary prescribing frameworks, and stewardship based on the Harper & Keele lecture notes.

What is Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)?

It occurs when bacteria (or other microbes) are no longer killed by antimicrobial drugs, making infections harder to treat.

What is the concept of One Health?

The idea that Human Health, Animal Health, and Environmental Health are connected and that AMR developing in one area can affect the others.

What are the consequences of AMR for human health?

Treatment failures, longer hospital stays, and increased mortality.

What are the consequences of AMR for animals?

Harder to treat infections, increased illness, and increased death.

What was the main message of the O'Neill Report ($2016$)?

AMR is a global threat and countries should use a One Health approach to tackle resistance.

What is autonomous prescribing in the context of UK veterinary medicine?

The privilege that allows vets to prescribe antibiotics based on their professional judgement.

What is the definition of antimicrobial stewardship?

Using antibiotics responsibly to treat disease effectively while minimising AMR development by using the correct drug, dose, and duration.

What are Multi-Drug Resistant Organisms (MDR)?

Bacteria that are resistant to multiple antibiotics, resulting in limited treatment options.

What are Critically Important Antibiotics (CIAs)?

Antibiotics critically important for treating serious human infections, including Fluoroquinolones and $3rd$/$4th$ generation cephalosporins.

What is the purpose of the Prescribing Cascade?

A legal framework that guides vets when no authorised medicine exists, requiring the use of authorised veterinary medicine first.

What does RUMA stand for?

Responsible Use of Medicines in Agriculture.

What does UK-VARSS stand for?

Veterinary Antimicrobial Resistance and Sales Surveillance.

Which countries are noted for using stricter legal controls on veterinary antibiotics than the UK?

Netherlands and France.

Why was the use of growth promoters banned in many countries?

Because using antibiotics to increase livestock growth creates an increased risk of AMR.

What are three examples of responsible antibiotic use in veterinary practice?

Using antibiotics only when necessary, using culture and sensitivity testing when possible, and following prescribing guidelines.