L90a: livestock vaccination

What is the primary purpose of implementing prophylactic measures like vaccination in animal population management?

To prevent outbreak of diseases within the population

Besides preventing the spread of zoonotic diseases, what is another key public-level impact of veterinary vaccines?

Reduced antibiotic use

what are the categories of vaccines?

1. Modified live vaccines

2. Killed vaccines

3. Mucosal vaccines

4. Conditionally licensed vaccines

5. Autogenous vaccines

what are conditionally licensed vaccine?

Used to meet an emergency condition, limited market, local situation or other special circumstances

what are autogenous vaccines?

Developed for a SPECIFIC herd

what are the pros of vaccination?

1. Reduce infection consequences

2. Single dose

3. Inexpensive

what are the cons of vaccination?

1. Side effects

2. Multiple doses

3. Expensive

what are adverse vaccine reactions?

1. Elevated body temperatures

2. Mild and transient depression

3. Temporary decreased food intake

4. Temporary drop in production parameters

how long is it considered NORMAL for adverse reactions to occur in the animal?

expected to last for up to 48 hours; more than that must intervene

what do we do if the animal has an anaphylactic reaction from vaccine?

1. Shock fluid therapy

2. Epinephrine

what type of vaccine has a higher risk for injection site reactions?

Killed vaccines

what actions do we do for vaccine reactions?

1. Treat clinical signs

2. Document who has the reaction

3. Keep the vaccine

4. Communicate with client

5. Contact vaccine manufacturer and USDA-APHIS

what is important to remember when you contact vaccine manufacturer and USDA-APHIS for a vaccine reactions?

Willing to work only when the vaccine is used in intended species

What are the AABP guidelines for principles vaccination?

1. Risk of disease

2. Consequences of diseases

3. Anticipated effectiveness of selected product

4. Safety

5. Financial considerations

6. Import and export regulations

when is the first dose given for ScourGuard 4KC in neonatal calves?

6-12 weeks BEFORE calving

when do we administer the booster for ScourGuard 4KC?

1. Single dose 3-6 weeks before calving

2. Another one 3 weeks later

what is the withdrawal period for ScourGuard 4KC?

21 days

what pathological agents does ScourGuard 4KC help protect against?

1. Cl. Perfringens

2. Coronavirus

3. E. Coli

4. Rotavirus

In general what is the process for a killed vaccine protocol?

1. Give 2 vaccination 3-6 weeks apart

2. Repeat process after 6 months of age

In general what is the process for a modified live vaccine protocol?

1. Give BEFORE breeding

2. 5-6 month booster recommended

What pathogens is the Pyramid 4 vaccine in cattle for?

1. BVD 1

2. BRSV

3. IBR

4. PI3

which animals can we not give the Pyramid 4 vaccine to?

pregnant cows

when do we vaccinate a calf with the pyramid 4?

1. 6 months = standard

2. If calf was vaccinated earlier than this they need to be revaccinated again at 6 months

when would we vaccinate the heifer/cow with pyramid 4 vaccine?

30-60 days before breeding

what does CD/T vaccine help protect small ruminants against?

Clostridial diseases (perfirinigens and tetani)

when do we vaccinate a kid with CD/T?

1. standard is at 6-8 weeks old

2. Booster at 3-4 weeks

3. Repeat annually

why might we give a kid the CD/T at 2-3 days old rather than the standard 6-8 weeks?

1. If doe/ewe (mom) was not vaccinated

2. If they are in a herd where there is a high prevalence of clostridium

When would we give swine core vaccines for gilts?

1. 5-6 months

2. Booster 3-4 weeks later

wen would we give swine core vaccines in a sow?

3-8 weeks before breeding

How often do we give swine core vaccines in boars?

Every 6 months

On average, how many weeks before giving birth are core vaccines given to breeding females?

6 weeks

When would we give the CDT vaccine in a pregnant goat/sheep?

6 weeks before kidding (giving birth)

when would you give a a CDT vaccine in a non-pregnant sheep/goat (adult)?

• 3-4 weeks before breeding season

• CL = second dose booster 3-4 weeks later