alcohols, phenols, ethers

hydration

H2O conc H2SO4

alkene—→ alcohol

HBO

B2H6, H2O2

antimarkonikov addition

alkene—> alcohol

OMDM

Hg(OAC2) + H2O, NaBH4

markonikovv addition

alkene—→ alcohol

REDUCING AGENTS

LiALH4, NaBH4, H2 +Ni

carbonyl compounds—> alcohols

reduction of CA

LAH, B2H6

CA——→ primary alcohols

using grignards reagent

carbonyl compound—> alcohol

formaldehyde—>primary alcohol

aldehydes—> secondary alcohols

ketones——> teritiary alcohols

alc/phenol + CA + H2SO4

ESTER

alc/phenol—> ester

alc/phenol + acid anhydride + H2SO4

ALC/PHENOL—→ ESTER

alc/phenol + acid chloride + pyridine

LUCAS TEST

ZNCL2 + HCL

alc—- alkyl halide

three degree alcohol reacts the fastest

chlorobenzene——> phenol

NaOH, HCL, 623K, 300 atm

benzene→ benzene sulphonic acid

oleum

benzene sulphonic acid—→ phenol

molten NaOH

aniline—→ benzene diazonium chloride

NaNO2 + HCL

BDC—> phenol

warm water or dilute acid

isopropyl benzene—> cumene

oxidation

cumene→ phenol + acetone

dil acid

nitration

dil HNO3

O- NITROPHENOL

P NITROPHENOL

CONC HNO3

picric acid

bromination

Br2/CS2 or CHCL3

o promo phenol and p bromo phenol

3BR2 + H20

2,4,6 tribromophenol

kolbes reaction

phenol + NaOH—> phenoxide ion

phenoxide ion + CO2 + H+ —> salicylic acid

reimer teimans reaction

phenol + chloroform + NaOH——→ salicylaldehyde

reaction of phenol with zinc dust

phenol+ Zn—→ benzene + ZnO

OXIDATION OF PHENOL

phenol + Na2CR2O7—> benzoquinone

alcohol—→ alkene

dehydration at 443 K
involves intramolecular dehydration

alcohol—→ ether

H2SO4 at 413K

involves intermolecular dehydration

williamson ether synthesis

sodium alkoxide + alkyl halide——→ ether+ NaX

PHENOL—-ETHER

phenol + NaOH—> phenoxide

phenoxide + RX——→ ether

ether—→ alcohol

HX

• teritiary group in ether forms teritiary halide