cardiovascular system

what is the flow of blood through the heart?

body > vena cava > right atrium > tricuspid valve > right ventricle > pulmonary valve > pulmonary arteries > lungs > pulmonary veins > left atrium > mitral (bicuspid) valve > left ventricle > aortic valve > aorta > body

does the right side of the heart contain oxygenated or deoxygentaed blood?

deoxygenated

does the left side of the heart contain oxygenated or deoxygentaed blood?

oxygenated

do veins or arteries carry blood back towards the heart?

veins

do veins or arteries carry blood away from the heart?

arteries

which chamber is the strongest? why?

left ventricle because it has to pump blood to the entire body and has the thickest wall bc of that

which circulatory circuit is on the right side of the heart? (heart to lungs)

pulmonary

which circulatory circuit is on the left side of the heart? (heart to body)

systemic

what is the purpose of the pulmonary circuit?

gas exchange; pick up oxygen and remove carbon dioxide

what is the purpose of the systemic circuit?

nutrient and oxygen delivery to body tissues

in the pulmonary circuit, is blood oxygenated or deoxygenated?

deoxygenated

in the systemic circuit, is blood oxygenated or deoxygenated?

oxygenated

which has thick walls and high pressure, arteries or veins?

arteries

which has thinner walls and contains valves, arteries or veins?

veins

what % of blood does plasma make up?

55%

what is the function of plasma?

transportation

during systole, heart muscles _______

contract forcefully and send blood out of the ventricles

during diastole, heart muscles _______

relax and expand, allowing chambers to fill back up with blood

which vessels supply oxygen to the myocardium?

coronary arteries

in the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM, what is the site of gas exchange?

capillaries

pulmonary arteries carry _______ blood

deoxygenated

pulmonary veins carry _______ blood

oxygenated

_______ is the amount of blood pumped with each heartbeat

stroke volume

_______ is the force your blood vessels exert against the flow of blood; how wide or narrow blood vessels are

peripheral resistance

what does vasoconstriction do to blood pressure?

increases it

what does vasodilation do to blood pressure?

decreases it

vasodilation means _______ peripheral resistance and _______ blood pressure

lower; lower

vasoconstriction means _______ peripheral resistance and _______ blood pressure

higher; higher

what are the primary regulators of peripheral resistance?

arterioles

what three things determine peripheral resistance?

vessel diameter, blood viscosity, and vessel length

_______ measures the total volume pumped in one minute

cardiac output

_______ is the volume of blood pumped from the hearts left ventricle (or right ventricle) with each individual heartbeat

stroke volume

if blood pressure is too low, what do the kidneys do to increase blood volume and pressure?

retain water and sodium

if blood pressure is too high, what do the kidneys do to decrease blood volume and pressure?

excrete more water and sodium

what cells detect changes in blood pressure?

baroreceptors

what is the direct effect of angiotensin II on blood vessles?

vasoconstriction

what hormones raise blood pressure?

renin, angiotensin II, aldosterone, and ADH

what does renin do when blood pressure is low?

starts cascade and activates angiotensin II

what does angiotensin II do when blood pressure is low?

constricts blood vessels, stimulates aldosterone release, stimulates ADH release, and triggers thirst

what does aldosterone do?

reabsorbs sodium

what does ADH do?

reabsorbs water