Week 8 Day 2 Nutrition & Digestive Systems

The process of consuming and using nutrients

nutrition

Any substance that is metabolized by or incorporated into a living organism and is required for survival, growth, development, tissue repair, or reproduction

nutrient

An animal that eats only plants.

herbivore

An animal that consumes animal flesh or fluid

carnivore

An animal that consumes both plants and animals for food

omnivore

Required for energy and to make new molecules

organic nutrients

5 categories organic nutrients

carbohydrates

proteins

lipids

nucleic acids

vitamins

nutrients with carbon vs. no carbon

organic vs. non-organic nutrients

source of carbs

starchy plants

function of carbs (3)

1. provide energy

2. component of some proteins

3. source of carbon

 Fatigue & weakness

 Headaches

 Dizziness

 Constipation

 Bad breath

These are examples of ____ term effects of carbohydrates deficiency

short

 Vitamin & mineral deficiencies

 Digestive issues

These are examples of ____ term effects of carbohydrates deficiency

long

sources of protein (4)

1. meat

2. legumes (beans)

3. grains

4. roots

true or false proteins also provide energy

true

what % of your daily calories should be from protein

10

protein deficiency - excessive fluid in tissues (swollen) common in abdomen, feet, legs and hands

edema

protein deficiency - depression, aggression

mood changes

hair, nail and skin problems can be caused by lack of ___

protein

weakness, fatigue, hunger, slow-healing are examples of deficiency of

protein

decreased immune function is a symptom of ___ deficiency

protein

severe protein deficiency

Kwashiorkor disease

 Commonly affects children in developing counties

 Bloated stomach, hair loss, dermatitis, enlarged liver,

dehydration, stunted growt

KWASHIORKOR DISEASE

Treatment for this disease includes increased protein in diet – BUT must be done slowly

KWASHIORKOR DISEASE

• Helps absorb vitamins

• Supports cell growth

• Supports brain & eye health

Which nutrient

lipids

• Wound healing

• Hormone production

• Source of energy

Which nutrient

lipids

• hydrogenated oils

• Processed foods, baked goods, fried foods

trans fats

(solid at room temp)

• Animal products

saturated fats

(liquid at room temp)

• Plant-based oils, nuts, avocados

monounsaturated fats

essential fats

• omega-3 fatty acids

• Fatty fish, oysters, flax seed, walnuts

polyunsaturated fats

true or false lipid deficiency can also lead to skin and hair issues

true

examples of symptoms of lipid deficiency (3)

1. fatigue

2. immune dysfunction

3. memory loss

cardiovascular disease, vision problems, inflammation, joint pain. Caused by deficiency in

lipids

 Unsaturated fatty acids

 Linoleic acid (omega-6 fatty acid)

 Can not be synthesized by human cells

 Must be obtained from fish or fat tissues of

birds and mammals

essential fatty acids

Unhealthy levels of one or more kinds of lipid in the

blood

dyslipidemeia

3 types of lipids in blood

3 types of lipids in blood

 High-density lipoprotein (HDL) (“good cholesterol”)

 Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (”bad cholesterol”)

 Triglyceride

Levels of lipids in blood are abnormally high

hyperlipidemia

Levels of lipids in the blood are abnormally low

hypolipidemia

dyslipidemia can lead to ___

sepsis (life-threatening, emergency response to infection where the immune system damages the body's own tissues and organs)

source - all major food sources

nucleic acids

functions of nucleic acids (provides 3 thing to make 3 things)

provide:

1. sugars

2. bases

3. phosphates

to make:

1. DNA

2. RNA

3. ATP

how many essential amino acids required in diet

9

cannot be synthesized

essential amino acids

__ can not store amino acids

cells

 Organic nutrients

 Act as coenzymes

VITAMINS

explain the 2 classes of vitamins

 Water-soluble (not stored in body)

 B, C, biotin, folic acid

 Fat-soluble

 A, D, E, K

this vitamin is stored in fat tissue

A

this vitamin can be synthesized by skin

D

if you are deficient in vitamins, your body takes the vitamins it does have and directs them to more important things, which can lead to

 Brittle hair & nails

 Biotin

Mouth ulcers, cracks in the corners of

the mouth. Deficiency of which vitamin

iron, B vitamins

Poor night vision / growths on the eye. Deficiency of which vitamin

A

Scaly patches & dandruff. Deficiency of which 2 vitamins

B2 and B6

Hair loss. Deficiency of which vitamin

Iron, B3, B7

Red or white bumps on the skin. Deficiency of which vitamins

A and C

 Serious vitamin C deficiency

 Caused by not eating enough fruits & vegetable

scurvy

Symptoms:

• Bleeding gums

• Loose teeth

• Bleeding under the skin

• Fatigue, irritability, joint & muscle pai

scurvy

Inorganic ions required for normal cell function (no carbon)

minerals

Cofactors for, or constituents of enzymes and proteins

which two minerals

minerals (iron and zinc)

this nutrient helps w/ bone, muscle & nervous system function

minerals (calcium)

this nutrient helps maintain electrical differences across cell membrane

minerals (sodium and potassium)

 Muscle cramps

 Loss of appetite

 Poor concentration

 Irritability & depression

 Neuropathy

examples of symptoms of deficiency in

minerals

 Lack of iron, folate and vitamin B-12

 Lack of iron and the body can’t produce hemoglobi

anemia

 Symptoms

 Dizziness / lightheadedness, pale skin, brittle nails,

headaches, cold hands & feet, extreme fatigue

anemia

Unusual cravings for ice, dirt or starch. Symptom of

anemia

 Extreme & prolonged vitamin D deficiency

 Lack of sunlight and/or vitamin D rich food

rickets

 Softening & weakening of bones in children

rickets

Symptoms:

 Delayed growth

 Delayed motor skills

 Pain in spine, pelvis, legs

rickets

 Muscle weakness

 Skeletal deformities

 Bowed legs, thickened wrists, breastbone projection

rickets