Unit 1 Gold Standard Drugs

Pharmacology

Alpha1 receptor

post synaptic effector cells (cell that is stimulated)

-vasoconstricts

-mydriasis= pupil dilation

Alpha 2 receptor

presynaptic (nerve that stimulates cell)

Beta 1 receptor

One HEART-myocardium, AV, SA

-increase first contraction

- increase HR and AV conduction

Beta 2 receptor

Two LUNGS-bronchodilation

-liver breaks down glycogen to glucose

-decrease peristalsis

-uterine relaxation

Epinephrine (EpiPen)

Adrenergic Agonist used for severe allergic reactions, treats shock & low bp

Norepinephrine (Levophed)

Adrenergic Agonist used to treat low bp

Midodrine (Proamatine)

Adrenergic Agonist used to treat orthostatic hypotension

Albuterol (Proventil)

Adrenergic Agonist: treats asthma

Prazosin (Minipress)

Adrenergic Antagonist; alpha-blocker, treats HTN

Doxazosin (Cardura)

Adrenergic Antagonist: alpha-blocker, treats HTN & BPH

Tamsulosin (Flomax)

adrenergic antagonist; alpha-blocker, treats HTN, angina, HF, benign prostate hyperplasia, increase urine, prevents migraines

Metoprolol (Lopressor)

Adrenergic Antagonist; beta-blocker, treats HTN

Propranolol (Inderal)

Adrenergic Antagonist; beta blocker used to treat hypertension, anxiety, and migraine prevention

Bethanechol (Urecholine)

Cholinergic agonist: direct-acting, treats bladder conditions

Pilocarpine (Salagen)

Cholinergic agonist: direct acting, treats dry mouth, glaucoma

Donepezil (Aricept)

Cholinergic agonist: indirect acting, treats Alzheimer's

Pyridostigmine (Mestinon)

Cholinergic agonist: indirect-acting, treats myasthenia gravis

Atropine (Atropen)

Cholinergic Antagonist: antidote for organophosphate poisoning.

Scopolamine (Scopace)

Cholinergic antagonist: prevents nausea and motion sickness

Dicyclomine (Bentyl)

Cholinergic Antagonist; treats IBS, reduces GI motility

Ipratropium (Atrovent)

Cholingergic antagonist; relieves bronchospasm in conditions like COPD and asthma

Ibuprofen (Advil)

NSAID: pain relief and inflammation, damages kidneys

Naproxen (Aleve)

NSAID; pain relief and inflam, longer lasting than ibuprofen, damages liver

Aspirin

NSAID: pain relief, anti-inflam, and fever, low doses to prevent blood clots

Acetaminophen (Tylenol)

Analgesic and antipyretic: relieve pain, reduce fever, safer for those with stomach issues

Morphine (MS Contin)

Opioid: severe pain management.

Oxycodone (OxyContin)

Opioid: moderate to severe pain, chronic pain

Hydromorphone (Dilaudid)

Opioid: severe pain relief, tolerance to other narcs

Fentanyl (Duragesic)

Opioid (synthetic); severe pain management, opioid tolerance

Naloxone (Narcan)

Opioid Antagonist: reverse opioid overdoses

Naltrexone (Vivitrol)

Opioid antagonist; opioid dependence and alcohol use disorder, helps prevent relapse

Lidocaine (Xylocaine)

local anesthetic; pain relief, numbing, blocks nerve signals

Gabapentin (Neurontin)

Anticonvulsant; nerve pain, seizures

Amitriptyline (Elavil)

Antidepressant: depression, anxiety, sometimes pain

Dexamethasone (Decadron)

Corticosteroid: inflammation, immunosuppressant for allergies, skin diseases, and autoimmune disorders.

Levodopa/Carbidopa (Sinemet)

Dopamine replacement: Parkinson’s, levo-crosses BBB, carb-prevents metabolism in body, *HIGH PROTEIN MEALS reduce efficacy of levo*

Pramipexole (Mirapex)

Dopamine agonist: Parkinson’s, *IMPULSIVE CONTROL DISORDER*

Ropinirole (Requip)

Dopamine Agonist: Parkinson’s & restless legs syndrome, *IMPULSIVE CONTROL DISORDER*

Entacapone (Comtan)

COMT inhibitor: Parkinson’s, inhibits enzyme allowing for enhanced levo in circulation, *DISCOLORED URINE*

Tolcapone (Tasmar)

COMT inhibitor: Parkinson’s, inhibits enzyme allowing for enhanced levo in circulation, rhabdomyolysis- kidney dysfxn*DISCOLORED URINE*

Rasagiline (Azilect)

MAO-B inhibitor: Parkinson's, decreases dopamine breakdown, adjunct w/ levo/carb, interferes w/ antidepressants, *NO TYRAMINES/CHARCUTERIE*

Selegiline (Eldepryl)

(MAO-B) inhibitor: Parkinson's, decreases dopamine breakdown, adjunct w/ levo/carb, interferes w/ antidepressants, *NO TYRAMINES/CHARCUTERIE*

Diazepam (Valium)

Anti-epileptic: Benzodiazepine; *FIRST LINE DEFENSE FOR STATUS EPILEPTICUS*

Lorazepam (Ativan)

Anti-epileptic: Benzodiazepine; *FIRST LINE DEFENSE FOR STATUS EPILEPTICUS*, insomnia, before med procedures

Phenytoin (Dilantin)

anti-epileptic; seizures *GINGIVAL HYPERPLASIA*

Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

anti-epileptic: anticonvulsant, treats epilepsy & bipolar disorder *BLOOD DYSCRASIAS/DISORDERS, DECREASED EFFICACY OF ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES-TERATOGENIC* *STEVEN-JOHNSON SYNDROME*

Valproic Acid (Depakote)

anti-epileptic: anticonvulsant *HEPATOTOXICITY*

Lamotrigine (Lamictal)

anti-epileptic: epilepsy & bipolar disorder *MONITOR FOR DEPRESSION & STEVEN-JOHNSON SYNDROME*

Levetiracetam (Keppra)

anti-epileptic: CNS depressant, mood changes