Clinical Ethis Exam 2

Health Literacy definiton

- the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health infomation and services needed to make appropriate health decisions.

- a shared responsibility between patients and providers. both must communicate in ways the other can understand

Health literacy importance in health care

- supports patient autonomy, allows patient to make own decisons

patient centered commnunication

- emphasizes the imperative that professionals keep their focus on the well-being of patients

- key elements: information transfer, active listening, responding to patient cues, collaboration and coordination

patient centered care importance in healthcare

care is tailored to fit each patient as a unique person, not just a diagnosis

shared decision making definition

information is shared between professionals and patient. inform and educate regarding health options and besy available evidence to support, patients share their goals, values, and preferences

shared decision making importance in healthcare

decisions are informed and collaborative between patient and provider regaring care

Confidentiality and HIPPA

seeks to protect PPI while still allowing transfer of information among health care provider to facilitate high quality care

Confidentiality and HIPPA legal requirements

cannot release info that would tie an individual to their diagnosis, treatment, or other medical info unless disclosing thie info is necessary for treatment, operations, payment, or is mandated by law

Confidentiality and HIPPA importance in patient care

maintaining confidentiality supports patient/provider trust and maintains patient dignity and respect. consistent with fidelity

Informed consent

patient voluntarily confirms with their willingness to undergo particular medical interventions after being informed of all the potential risks, benefits, and alternatives

informed consent relationship to shared decision making

- SDM enhances informed consent: 2 way dialouge

- informed consent is a step in SDM

Communication in healthcare effective strategies

- active listening

- simple langauge

- body language

- work as a team

- document well

communication in healthcare importance in preventing medical error

prevents mistakes like wrong medicaiton or misdiagnoses. clear instructions adn proper handoffs keep patients safe

communication in healthcare cultural and language considerations

- use interpreters

- respect cultural beliefs

- adapt communication

role of instituational review boards

IRBs review research plans to make sure they are ethical. they check that risks are minimized and participants are protected

IRBs participant protections

- keep info private

- minimizes harm

- allows participants to stop at any time

Consent in research studies

- understand the study and its risks

- know their rights

- agree voluntarily to take part

Ethical Considerations in specific populations: peds

- parental consent required

- children should also give assent when able - protecting safety

Ethical Considerations in specific populations: geriatrics

- mental capacity

- respect autonomy

- being mindful of age-related conditions that affect communication and decision-making

Ethical Considerations in specific populations: patients with limited english proficiency

- interpreters

- translated material when possible

- make sure they can fully understand consent forms

Autonomy

the right of individuals to make decisions about their own healthcare, provided they have the capacity to do so

beneficence

acting in the best interest of the patient

non-maleficence

"do no harm"; avoiding actions that might cause unnecessary harm

justice

fair and equitable distrubution of healthcare resources

fidelity

being faithful to commitments and promises made to patients

veracity

obligation to tell the truth and be honest in interactions