Introduction to Globalization Practice Flashcards

Flashcards covering the etymology, key scholarly definitions, components, and primary advantages and disadvantages of globalization based on the GE3 Week 1 lecture.

The worldwide spread of ideas, knowledge, information, goods, and services.

Globalization

The structural convergence of cultural and economic systems that makes regions intertwined.

Drivers of Globalization

The economic theory where countries focus on goods they produce most efficiently with the least resources.

Country Specialization

The two technological fields whose pronounced advances have most accelerated international interactions.

Transportation and Telecommunications

Decenterlized database technology used for secure, unalterable asset tracking in global supply chains.

Blockchain

Manufacturing advancements that reduce geographic constraints by enabling localized or highly flexible production.

3D Printing and Automation

The specific categorization dividing globalization into financial markets, national policies, and social convergence.

Economic, Political, and Cultural Globalization

The historical period from 1870 to 1914 marked by massive European overseas investments.

Golden Age of Globalization

Climate change, decaying infrastructure, cyberattacks, and human rights abuses.

Modern Threats to Global Trade

A consumer-side benefit driven heavily by global business competition.

Lower Prices

An environmental issue where global travel accidentally alters native ecosystems.

Introduction of Invasive Species

A political process characterized by economic policy cooperation and coordination among geographically grouped countries.

Regionalism

The socioeconomic and political split highlighting structural wealth inequalities between different nations.

Development Gap (North-South Divide)

Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, and South Korea.

The Four Asian Tigers

The fraction of the world population living in the Global North, which controls four-fifths of global wealth.

One-quarter

The socioeconomically and politically marginalized regions located broadly outside Europe and North America.

The Global South

The central focus emphasized by the term "Global South" instead of structural poverty or cultural differences.

Geopolitical Relations of Power

An economic divide proposed in the 1980s that is now invalid because strong economies lie below it.

The Brandt Line

An initiative aimed at creating economic solidarity and structural changes among disadvantaged nations.

South-South Cooperation (SSC)

The specific regional factors that made historical Latin America a primary target for Western capital accumulation.

Small Populations and Rich Natural Resources

The 15th to 16th-century wave in Latin America marked by brutal military invasion and cultural annihilation.

First Wave of Globalization

The 19th-century wave that turned Latin America into a supplier for the European Industrial Revolution.

Second Wave of Globalization

Jerry-built urban shantytowns or squatter shacks that emerged during rapid 20th-century urbanization in Brazil.

Favelas

The governance shift that took place in 20th-century Latin America alongside massive urban migration.

Imposition of Fascist Military Dictatorship

The agricultural practice of replacing native vegetation with foreign cash crops, causing soil erosion.

Crop Displacements

The rapid expansion of marine farming that severely degraded Latin American coastal water quality.

Aquaculture

Enduring national cultures paired with a total lack of political control over their common destinies.

Latin American Globalization Contradiction

The root word meaning to emerge as an international network of economic systems.

Globalize

The Harvard Business School professor widely credited with introducing the term "globalization" in 1983.

Theodore Levitt

The definition stating that local happenings are directly shaped by events occurring many miles away and vice versa.

Anthony Giddens' Definition

The concept defined as both the compression of the world and the intensification of world consciousness.

Roland Robertson's Definition

Creation/multiplication, expansion/stretching, intensification/acceleration, and creation of social interconnections.

Four Qualities of Globalization

A multidimensional set of social processes that create, multiply, stretch, and intensify global social interdependencies.

Manfred Steger's Definition

A close-minded, limited outlook restricted solely to one's immediate local community.

Parochialism

The close-minded belief that one's own native culture is structurally inferior to others.

Xenocentrism

The close-minded belief that one's own native culture is structurally superior to others.

Ethnocentrism

An individual who is deeply aware of and understands the broader, shifting dynamics of the outer world.

Global Citizen

Faster diffusion of productive ideas and easier transfer of technology from advanced nations.

Technological Benefit for Less Developed Countries

The primary benefit globalization offers to completely jobless workforces.

More Employment Opportunities

The loss or displacement of native traditions caused by the pervasive consumption of innovative, imported goods.

Cultural Obsolescence

The political consequence occurring when international bodies pressure nations into modifying domestic trade policies.

Infringement of Sovereignty