Lab 5-8 vocab

adip-

fat

chondr-

cartilage

-cyt

cell

epi-

upon

-glia

glue

-inter

between

Macr-

large

os-

bone

pseudo-

false

squam-

scale

strat-

layer

definition of epithelial tissue

widespread tissue that forms outer covering of skin, lives body cavities/hollow organs, and makes up glands. It also has no blood vessels, is tightly packed, and divides easily

definition of simple squamous

a single layer of thin flattened cells common near sites of diffusion/filtration

definition of simple cuboidal

a single layer of cube-shaped cells that covers ovaries, kidney tubules, and certain ducts of glands. (its free surface faces the lumen)

definition of simple columnar

a single row of cells that is taller than it is wide which can be ciliated or non-ciliated. Due to thickness, they help with tissue protection and can also have microvilli which increases surface area

definition of stratified squamous

many layers of squamous cells which make it more thick (as cells divide, the older ones get pushed to the top)

definition of connective tissue

connects, supports, binds, stores fat, produces RBCs and protects other tissues and organs. It acts as structural framework for the body, stores energy, and helps repair damaged cells. Also contains a extracellular matrix in-between cells

definition of loose connective (areolar)

loose arrangement of protein fibers bound together made up of fibroblasts and separated by gel-like substance that fibroblasts secrete. binds to skin, organs, and fills space between muscles

definition of adipose

loose connective tissue that stores fat to cushion joints, insulate the body, store energy, and cushion some organs

definition of white fat

stores nutrients for nearby cells to use for energy

definition of brown fat

more common in babies and takes many mitochondria to break down nutrients in order to generate heat

definition of dense connective

many closely packs thick collagen fibers as well as a network of elastic fibers. Of the few cells present, most are fibroblasts

definition of hyaline cartilage

the most common that looks smooth and glassy. It’s present of the ends of bones, the soft part of the nose, and the rings of the respiratory passages

definition of elastic cartilage

very flexible network of elastic fibers and is meant to provide structural support as well as bend and snap back into original shape (ear, epiglottis, parts of larynx, etc.)

definition of fibrocartilage

most rigid kind of cartilage that acts as a shock absorber and structural anchor. it is made up of thick collagen fibers. (intervertebral discs, cushioning of bones in knees/pelvic girdle)

definition of muscle tissue

specialized soft tissue in the body that generates movement according to nervous system stimulation. attaches to bones, walls of hollow organs, and heart

definition of skeletal muscle

muscles that attach to bones and can be controlled through conscious effort (has striations)

definition of smooth muscle

composes walls of hollow internal organs and can’t be consciously controlled. (NO striations)

definition of nervous tissue

is responsible for the actions of neurons and neuroglia and controls/coordinates bodies activities.

definition of bone tissue

the most rigid form of connective tissue. the extracellular matrix contains mostly collagen fibers and also contains red marrow which forms RBCs

definition of collagen fibers

cable-like fibers that provide structural support, strength, and elasticity. makes up around 30% of all proteins

definition of elastic fiber

thread-like fibers made up of elastin. they are meant to stretch significantly and snap back to original length

definition of fibroblast

large, star-shaped cell that produces fibers by secreting proteins into extracellular matrix. they produce collagen, elastin, and are the most common type of cell

definition of macrophage

cells that specialize in carrying out phagocytosis and come from WBCs

definition of phagocytosis

the destruction of large particles

definition of chondrocyte

cells that are responsible for forming, maintaining, and repairing extracellular matrix (only cell found in healthy cartilage)

definition of lacunae

arranged in rings and contain osteocytes

definition of osteon

a mature bone cells that is located in the lacunae within the lamellae. It is also called the Haversian system. Think of the overall tree stump