Cal Poly Bio 111 Lab Midterm

independent variable

variable that is manipulated

dependent variable

Variable affected by independent variable

control group

the group that does not receive the experimental treatment.

Relplication

Multiple individuals in each group to account for error

Slide Holder

Holds the slide in place

Condenser

focuses light into narrow beam

Iris Control

Controls size of opening between specimen and condenser

Eyepiece

Magnifies object by 10x

Objective Lens

Increases magnification of lens

Coarse focus

knob used to get object into focus

Fine Focus

use this after coarse focus

slide adjustment

positions slide under lens

1 um = ?

0.001 mm

cell membrane

Found in all cells and seperates interior from outside environment

Enzymes

Proteins that speed up chemical reactions

nucleic acids

chemical compounds that act as the primary info-carrying molecules in cells

Ribosomes

Particle made of RNA and proteins, they bind and transfer RNA

Four main cellular components

cell membrane, nucleic acid, ribosomes, enzymes

Eukaryote

organism whose cells contain a nucleus

Prokaryote

unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus

What cell type?

Bacteria Cell

What cell type?

Plant Cell

What cell type?

Fungus Cell

What cell type?

Animal Cell

What cell type?

Virus Cell

Three domains of life

Bacteria, Eukaryota, Archaea

8 taxonomic categories

1. Domain

2. Kingdom

3. Phylum

4. Class

5. Order

6. Family

7. Genus

8. Species

which 2 taxonomic names are used for species identification

Genus and Species

Bacteria Cellular Association and Mode of Nutrition

Unicellular and autotrophic/heterotrophic

Plant Cellular Association and Mode of Nutrition

Multicellular and mixotrophic/autotrophic

Microbial Eukaryotes Cellular Association and Mode of Nutrition

multicellular/colonial/unicellular and autotrophic/mixotrophic/heterotrophic

Fungus Cellular Association and Mode of Nutrition

Multicellular and heterotrophic

Animals Cellular Association and Mode of Nutrition

Multicellular and heterotrophic

Which domain is most diverse

bacteria

which domain is most morphologically diverse

Eukaryota

Endotherm

An animal whose body controls and regulates its temperature by controlling the internal heat it produces

Ectotherm

an animal whose body temperature varies with the temperature of its surroundings

Homeotherm

an animal with a constant body temperature

Heterotherm

variable body temperature

Body temp

animals internal temp that affect enzymes and reaction rate

Respiration Rate

rate of oxygen consumption of organism

Metabolic Rate

the rate at which the body uses energy

Warm blooded animals metabolic rate increase as temp ___?

decreases

cold blooded animals metabolic rate increase as temp ___?

increases

Transposon

genetic element that moves from one location to another in a genome

Exons

expressed sequence of DNA; codes for a protein

Introns

Noncoding segments of nucleic acid that lie between coding sequences.

Regulatory Sequences

a segment of a nucleic acid molecule which is capable of increasing or decreasing the expression of specific genes within an organism

DNA Isolation

a process of purification of DNA from sample using a combination of physical and chemical methods

Polymerase Chain Reaction

A method of producing thousands of copies of DNA segment using the enzyme DNA polymerase

gel electrophoresis

method for seperation/analysis of biomacromolecules and their nutrients

Hypothesis

A testable prediction, often implied by a theory

prediction

A statement of what will happen next in a sequence of events.