Week9 tcw

(De)Secularization

The theory debate on whether modernization leads to decline or persistence of religion; today religion persists despite modernization

Secularization Theory

Theory that modernization leads to decline of religion, but challenged by evidence of continued religious growth

Globalization of Religion

The process by which religious beliefs and practices are shaped, spread, and transformed through global forces

Religious Persistence

The continued strength and growth of religion despite modernization and secularization predictions

Global South Religion Growth

The observed increase in religious activity and influence in developing countries

Religious Extremism

Extreme forms of religious belief that may lead to violence or radical actions

ISIS Case

An example of religious extremism influenced by political, historical, and global factors in the Middle East

Sunni vs Shia Islam

Two major branches of Islam whose historical and political differences contribute to modern religious conflicts

Colonial Interference

Foreign control that reshaped political systems and intensified religious and ethnic conflicts in colonized regions

Nation-State Formation

The creation of modern political states, often influenced by Western colonial models

Arab Oil Politics

Western interest in Middle Eastern oil that influenced political intervention and global power relations

Western Influence in Middle East

Continued political and economic involvement of Western countries in the Middle East after world wars

Neoliberalism

An economic and political ideology emphasizing free markets, globalization, and reduced government intervention

International Relations

The interactions between states that shape global political and economic systems

Resistance to Western Powers

Opposition by local populations against perceived Western control over politics, culture, and resources

Islamic Extremism Formation

The emergence of radical movements as a response to political domination and cultural conflict

Religion and Globalization

The idea that globalization reshapes how religion is practiced, interpreted, and spread worldwide

Catholicism and Colonial Legacy

The transformation of Catholicism from colonial religion to more inclusive modern practices

Judaism and Conflict

Ongoing political and religious tensions associated with the Jewish state and regional conflict

Religion as Escape

The idea that religion provides meaning and stability in response to chaos caused by globalization