Psy: Sensations and perceptions exam 3

Apparent motion

The illusory impression of smooth motion resulting from the rapid alternation of objects that appear in different locations in rapid succession

induced Motion

Perceived movement of a stationary stimulus, usually caused by movement of a surrounding framework or nearby objects.

implied motion

when we do not actually see the motion happening, but visual clues tell us that it is a key aspect of the work

Selective reflectance

objects reflect some wavelengths; while absorbing others

Selective Transmission

Some wavelengths pass through an object while other wavelengths are absorbed by the object

additive color mixing

the process of mixing lights of different wavelengths to create new hues

subtractive color mixing

Formation of colors by removing some wavelengths of light, leaving less light than was originally there.

Monochromatism

the inability to distinguish colors; also known as color blindness

no functioning cones and can only see in white, gray, and black tones

Dichromatism

A type of color blindness where one of the three basic color mechanisms is absent or not functioning.

Only has 2 kinds of cone pigments

Protanopia

A form of red-green dichromatism caused by a lack of the long-wavelength cone pigment.

lack of functioning red cones

Deuteranopia

A form of red-green color dichromatism caused by lack of the middle-wavelength cone pigment.

lack of functioning green cones

Tritanopia

A form of dichromatism thought to be caused by a lack of the short-wavelength cone pigment.

lack of functioning blue cones

Trichromatic

three cones for receiving color (blue, red, green)

Trichromatic theory of color vision

The theory that there are three kinds of cones in the retina, each of which responds primarily to a specific range of wavelengths

Color perception is based on the responses of these cones that vary depending on the wavelengths available

opponent-process theory

the theory that opposing retinal processes (red-green, yellow-blue, white-black) enable color vision. For example, some cells are stimulated by green and inhibited by red; others are stimulated by red and inhibited by green

Color deficiency

inability to see all colors due to missing a type of cone, or a shift in cone sensitivity

Lightness

the psychological experience of the amount of light that gets reflected by a surface

color constancy

perceiving familiar objects as having consistent color, even if changing illumination alters the wavelengths reflected by the object

partial color constancy

the perception of the object is shifted after adaptation, but not as much as when there was no adaptation

monocular depth cues

aspects of a scene that yield information about depth when viewed with only one eye

binocular depth cues

stimuli that enable us to judge depth using both eyes

visual angle

The angle of an object relative to the observer's eye

size constancy

Perception of an object as the same size regardless of the distance from which it is viewed

apparent distance theory

An explanation of the moon illusion that is based on the idea that the horizon moon, which is viewed across the filled space of the terrain, should appear farther away than the zenith moon, which is viewed through the empty space of the sky. This theory states that because the horizon and zenith moons have the same visual angle but are perceived to be at different distances, the farther appearing horizon moon should appear larger.

angular size contrast theory

An explanation of the moon illusion that states that the perceived size of the moon is determined by the sizes of the objects that surround it. According to this idea, the moon appears small when it is surrounded by large objects, such as the expanse of the sky when the moon is overhead.

Depth perception

the ability to see objects in three dimensions although the images that strike the retina are two-dimensional; allows us to judge distance

Size Perception

The size of an object's retinal image is inversely proportional to its distance from the viewer, so size perception depends on depth perception

Motion Perception

assume that changing size of object suggests object is moving towards or away

larger objects should change size slowly

phi phenomenon- blinking lights next to each other give illusion of movement

Color perception

ability of the brain to interpret differences in wavelengths as differences in color