Athletic Training and Injury Rehabilitation Review

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering athletic training principles, rehabilitation phases, injury types (fractures, sprains, strains), brain anatomy, concussion protocols, and the impact of sleep on athletic performance.

Manual Conveyance

A technique used to move a mildly injured athlete a greater distance than could be easily walked, with the hand brace placed to fit at $30^{\circ}$ flexion.

POLICE

An acronym for acute injury management standing for Protect, optimal loading, ice, compression, and elevate.

Therapeutic exercise

Exercises used specifically within a rehabilitation program to restore pre-injury function.

Conditioning exercise

Exercises intended to maximize performance and minimize the risk of injury.

Core

The lumbo-pelvic region that stabilizes the entire kinetic chain during functional movements; it should be addressed first in rehab.

Neuromuscular control

The mind’s attempt to teach the body conscious control of a specific movement.

Functional progression

A series of gradually progressive activities designed to prepare an individual to return to sport by restoring ROM, strength, and control.

Subluxation

A partial dislocation where a bone is forced out of alignment but returns to its place, likely involving a rupture in stabilizing ligaments.

Sprain

Damage to a ligament or joint capsule that provides support to a joint.

Myositis ossification

Calcium deposits resulting from repeated trauma that may impair movement.

Muscle guarding

Voluntary muscle contractions in response to pain following musculoskeletal injury, where muscles contract to splint the area and limit movement.

Delayed-onset Muscle soreness (DOMS)

A syndrome of delayed muscle pain leading to increased muscle tension, swelling, and stiffness that is resistant to stretching.

Neuritis

Chronic nerve irritation caused by repeated or continued forces over a long period.

Tendinosis

A condition similar to tendonitis but without inflammation, usually painful when moved or touched.

Tenosynovitis

Inflammation of a tendon and its synovial sheath, producing sticky by-products that cause the tendon to adhere to the sheath.

Bursitis

A condition where bursae produce large amounts of synovial fluid, leading to increased fluid and decreased pressure, which is painful and restricts movement.

Osteoarthritis

Wearing down of hyaline cartilage leading to joint degeneration, often caused by direct blows, falls, or repeated trauma.

Myofascial trigger points

An area of tenderness in a tight band of muscle caused by mechanical stress.

Inflammatory response phase

The first phase of healing beginning immediately after injury, lasting $2-4$ days, characterized by phagocytic cells cleaning the injury site.

Fibroblastic Repair Phase

The second phase of healing lasting $4-6$ weeks, involving proliferative and regenerative activity leading to scar formation.

Maturation-Remodeling Phase

The long-term healing phase involving the realignment of scar tissue according to tensile forces; a firm nonvascular scar exists after $3$ weeks.

Cerebrum

The brain section that coordinates voluntary muscle activities, interprets sensory impulses, and controls higher mental functions like memory and reasoning.

PONS

The brain section that controls sleep, posture, respiration, swallowing, and the bladder.

Medulla Oblongata

The brain section that regulates heart rate, breathing (with the pons), blood pressure, coughing, sneezing, and vomiting.

Romberg test

A specific balance test used to evaluate an athlete after a head injury.

SCAT5

Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 5; a standardized test used to measure symptoms, orientation, memory, recall, balance, and gait.

CSQ

College Sleep Questionnaire; a $10$-minute survey asking about sleep schedules and factors (physiological, environmental, behavioral) that interfere with sleep.

Second impact syndrome

A condition children are particularly susceptible to if they return to play before a concussion has fully healed.