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GNI per capita

The total value of goods and services a country’s citizens produce, including income earned by citizens working abroad.

High-income country

A nation with high average incomes, low debt levels, diverse trade opportunities, low poverty rates, and advanced social, economic, and environmental systems.

Middle-income country

A country with moderate average incomes, transitioning towards lower debt levels, increasing global trade opportunities, and improving social, economic, and environmental conditions.

Low-income country

A nation with low average incomes, high debt levels, limited global trade opportunities, high poverty rates, and underdeveloped social, economic, and environmental systems.

Globalisation

The process of reducing or eliminating boundaries between countries, enabling global-scale actions for individuals, groups, and companies.

Double burden of disease

The coexistence of communicable diseases linked to poverty and non-communicable diseases associated with wealth.

Safe water

Water free from disease-causing pathogens or harmful chemicals, essential for consumption, food preparation, hygiene, and agriculture.

Sanitation

Provision of facilities for safe disposal of human waste and maintenance of hygienic conditions, crucial for public health and disease prevention.

Poverty

Deprivation of basic resources like shelter, food, education, healthcare, water, and sanitation, measured by living on less than $1.90 a day or below 50% of a country's average income.

Inequality and discrimination

Social exclusion and disparities faced by minority groups leading to unequal access to education, healthcare, employment, and housing, impacting health outcomes and mortality rates.