Iowa CNA State Testing

Long Term Care

Residents who need 24 hour care are placed into...

Skilled Care

Medically necessary care given by a skilled nurse or therapist; available 24 hours a day

Terminal Illness

a disease or condition that will eventually cause death

Chronic

Condition lasts a long period of time; even a lifetime

Medicare

federal health insurance program for people aged 65 or older

Medicaid

a medical assistance program for people with low incomes, as well as for people with disabilities

Liability

Legal term; someone can be held responsible for harming someone else

Scope of Practice

Defines the tasks that healthcare providers are legally allowed to do as permitted by state of federal law

Care Plan

A plan developed for each resident to achieve certain goals; it outlines the steps and tasks that the care team must perform.

Ethics

Knowledge of right and wrong

OBRA

Set minimum standards of care, which included standardized training of nursing assistants.

Residents Rights

Specify how residents must be treated while living in a facility

Neglect (Active and Passive)

failure to provide needed care that results in physical, mental, or emotional harm to a person

Negligence

Actions, or the failure to act or provide the proper care for a resident.

Ombudsman

Legal advocate for residents

HIPPA

Keeps health information private and secure

PHI

information that an be used to identify a person and relates to the patient's condition, any health care the person has had, and payment for that healthcare.

Objective information

based on what a person sees, hears, touches, or smells

Subjective information

information a person cannot or did not observe; it is resident reported and may or may not be true

Incontinence

inability to control bladder and/or bowels

Culture

system of learned beliefs and behaviors that is practiced by a group of people

Body Mechanics

the way the parts of the body work together when a person moves

Abrasion

an injury that rubs off the surface of the skin

Cyanotic

Blue-tinged skin

Shock

occurs when organs and tissues in the body do not receive an adequate blood supply

Myocardial Infarction

heart attack

Dyspnea

difficulty breathing

Syncope

fainting

insulin reaction (hypoglycemia)

can result from either too much insulin or too little food

Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)

Stroke; blood supply to a part of the brain is blocked or a blood vessel leaks or ruptures.

Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)

a warning sign of a CVA/stroke resulting from a temporary lack of oxygen in the brain; symptoms may last up to 24 hours

Hemiplegia

Paralysis on one side of the body

Hemiparesis

weakness on one side of the body

Expressive aphasia

The inability to produce language ( despite being able to understand language)

receptive aphasia

inability to understand spoken or written words

Systemic infection

an infection throughout the body

Medical Asepsis

practices designed to reduce the number and transfer of pathogens; synonym for clean technique

Standard Precautions

treating all blood, body fluids, non-intact skin and mucous membranes as if they are infected (Does not include sweat) - MUST be used with every resident

Sterilization

Complete destruction of all forms of microbial life

Disinfection

a process that kills pathogens but does not destroy all pathogens

transmission-based precautions

special precautions implemented on the basis of how the disease spreads; added in addition to standard precautions

Hepititis

inflammation of the liver

Hepatitis B

Bloodborne pathogen; Spread through sexual contact, sharing infected needles, and from mother --> baby. There is a vaccine

Hepatitis C

Bloodborne Pathogen; can lead to cirrhosis and liver cancer and can even cause death. There is no vaccine

Tuberculosis

Caused by a bacterium and is carried on mucous droplets suspended in the air. Usually affects the lungs; airborne disease.

MRSA

Infection that is resistant to methicillin; no drugs can kill the bacteria. Often occurs in people who have not been recently admitted to healthcare facilities.

C. diff

spore forming bacterium which can be part of the normal intestinal flora

Holistic Care

Means caring for the whole person the mind as well as the body

Advance Directives

A legal document designed to indicate a person's wishes regarding care in case of a terminal illness or during the dying process

Living will

A document that indicates what medical intervention an individual wants if he or she becomes incapable of expressing those wishes.

Cheyne-Stokes respiration

an irregular pattern of breathing characterized by alternating rapid or shallow respiration followed by slower respiration or apnea

Palliative Care

Care designed not to treat an illness but to provide physical and emotional comfort to the patient and support and guidance to his or her family.

Dialate

to widen

Contrict

narrow

Atrophy

to waste away

Contracture

the permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments, or skin that occurs when normally elastic connective tissues are replaced with nonelastic fibrous tissues

Autoimmune Illness

an illness in which the body's immune system attacks normal tissue in the body

rheumatoid arthritis

a chronic autoimmune disorder in which the joints and some organs of other body systems are attacked

Osteoarthritis

degenerative joint disease; affects the elderly

Osteoporosis

A condition in which the body's bones become weak and break easily.

Weaker side

When assisting a patient, always stand on the...

Hypertension

high blood pressure, 130/80 or higher

Diuretics

medications that reduce fluid volume in the body

Coronary Artery Disease

blood vessels in coronary arteries narrow = reduce oxygen and blood to the heart muscle

fatty deposits block the artery = tissue death

Angina Pectoris

chest pain

congestive heart failure

heart is unable to pump its required amount of blood

peripheral vascular disease

Vascular disease affecting blood vessels outside of the heart and especially those vessels supplying the extremities. Fatty deposits in the blood vessels that harden over time

COPD

Causes trouble with breathing

Ostomy

Surgical creation of an opening from an area inside the body to the outside

Stoma

The end of the intestine is brought outside of the body through an artificial opening in the abdomen

Diabetes

A condition in which the body is unable to produce enough insulin, the hormone required for the metabolism of sugar

Dementia

the serious loss of mental abilities, such as thinking, remembering, reasoning, and communicating

Alzheimer's disease

Tangled nerve fibers and protein deposits form in the brain; eventually cause dementia.

Sundowning

becoming restless and agitated in the late afternoon, evening, or night

Pressure injuries

injuries or wounds that result from skin deterioration and shearing

Shearing

rubbing or friction resulting from the skin moving one way and the bone underneath it remaining fixed or moving in the opposite direction

Pediculosis

infestation with lice

Embolism

obstruction of a blood vessel

Supine

Lateral

Prone

Fowler's

Sims'

98.6 or 37

Normal Body Temp

Rectal Temperature

What type of temperature is the most accurate?

Systolic

Blood pressure in the arteries during contraction of the ventricles.

Diastolic

Blood pressure that remains between heart contractions.

NPO

nothing by mouth

Edema

puffy swelling of tissue from the accumulation of fluid

Dysphagia

difficulty swallowing