LBJ - Civil Rights

why did Johnson believe in reform of civil rights

essential to economic, political, and spiritual reintegration of the south

what is a filibuster

tactic prolonging congressional debates to stop bills being voted on

how was the 1964 civil rights act able to be passed

use of Kennedy’s legacy, activists worked tirelessly

what did the 1964 civil rights act do

gave the federal government legal tools to end de jure segregation, prohibited discrimination in public places, established equal employment commission

what were the issues with the 1964 civil rights act

many felt the act had not gone far enough, did very little to facilitate black voting

when was the voting rights act

1965

what movement triggered the voting rights act

Selma

who was Selma’s Sherriff

Jim Clark

how many black people were registered to vote in Selma

23

what were the key events in Selma

march from Selma to Montgomery was organised, on ‘Bloody Sunday’ state troopers attacked marchers with clubs and tear gas

what did the Voting Rights Act do

disallowed literacy tests and questions on state constitutions and replaced racist registrars with federal registrars

what did Johnson’s education acts do for civil rights

sped up school desegregation, helped black colleges

by what percentage did black people living in poverty decrease

25%

why was a 1966 civil rights bill surrounding housing discrimination not passed

70% of white voters opposed large numbers of black neighbours

where was the Watts ghetto

LA

when were the Watts ghetto riots

1965

a 1966 poll showed what percentage of whites opposed new civil rights legislation

90%

What movement by the black panthers frightened and alienated whites

black power

what was the main limitation on Johnson’s social reforms

Vietnam War

what did the 1968 fair housing act do

prohibited discrimination in the sale or rental of housing

when was the NOI founded

1930

what was Malcom X taught in prison

‘the white man is the devil’

what did the NOI aim to do

provide alternative to white mans Christian religion, increase black self-esteem, keep white and black American’s separate, encourage African Americans to improve economic status

what method did Malcolm X use to improve the lives of black Americans

sermons, speeches, writings to encourage critical thinking

when did Malcolm X leave the NOI

1964

what did Malcolm X do after leaving NOI

Organisation of Afro-American Unity (OAAU)

When and how did Malcolm X die

Assassinated in 1965 by NOI members

what percentage of ghetto pupils finished high school

32%

how many died during the Watts riots

34

Between 1964 and 1968 how many hostile outbursts were there resulting in how many deaths, injuries, and arrests

225 outbursts, 191 deaths, 7942 injured, 49,607 arrested

what did the Kerner Commission believe to be the cause behind urban riots

white racism, 40% involved alleged police abuse or discrimination

how many riots did the assassination of MLK result in

Major riots in 100 cities

who were the black panthers

group established in 1966 by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale

what was the ‘uniform’ of the black panthers

Predominantly black paramilitary uniform, with berets and leather jackets

what did the black panthers seek

compensation for enslavement, freedom for incarcerated African-Americans, black juries when black people were tried, black exemption from military service, no police brutality, improvements to ghetto living conditions

how did the black panthers gain respect

set up clinics to advise on health, welfare, and legal rights, ran lessons to educate young people on their beliefs, provided childcare for working mothers and free food