Water.

Properties of Water

• Tasteless, odorless, clear liquid

• At 1 atm, it exists as a liquid between 0C 100C.

• Viscosity decrease very rapidly with rise in temperature

True

True or false

• Water can be amphoteric or either as RA/OA

• Alkaline waters

• Carbonated waters

• Chalybeated waters

• Lithia waters

• Saline waters

• Sulfur waters

• Siliceous waters

What are the Mineral Waters

Carbonated Waters

Chalybeate Waters

• Contain Fe in solution or suspension and are characterized by ferruginous taste.

• Upon exposure to the atmosphere, the iron is usually precipitated as hydroxide or oxide.

• Spring and well waters

• Li2CO3

• LiCl

Lithia waters contain either

Saline/purgative waters

Waters that contains relatively large amounts of MgSO4 and Na2SO4 with NaCl.

Sulfur waters

• Waters that Contain H2S

• Deposits sulfur upon exposure to atmosphere

Ion exchange chromatography

What process removes the charge of elements in water

Siliceous Wate

Waters that contain very small quantities of soluble alkali silicates.

Temporary Hardness (bicarbonate hardness)

property of water caused by Ca or Mg bicarbonates which can be removed by boiling or addition of hydroxides.

Permanent Hardness

• Caused by sulfates, chlorides, or hydroxides of Ca and/or Mg.

• Cannot be removed by boiling or addition of hydroxides.

• Water

• Purified water

• WFI

• SWFI

• BWFI

Official Waters

Water, USP

• Clear, colorless, odorless liquid which has specifications for pH, Zn, other heavy metals, foreign volatile matter, total solid content, and bacteriological purity.

• Official as solvent and is used to make several official solutions, tinctures and extracts.

Purified Water

• Ion exchange chromatography

• Distillation

• Reverse osmosis

• Filtration

What are the methods to purify water

Water for Injection

Bacteriostatic Water for Injection

Sterile Water for Injection

Recall

Answer recall