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Lateral
Away from the Midline
Medial
Toward the Midline
Anterior
Front of the Body
Posterior
Back of the body
Superior
Higher
Inferior
Lower
Superficial
Towards the surface
Deep
Toward the core
Proximal
Near
Distal
Far
Flexion
Closing Toward the Front
Extension
Opening from the Front
Adduction
Towards the midline
Abduction
Away from the Midline
Elevation
Raising
Depression
Lowering
Pronation
Rolling Away from the Midline
Supination
Rolling Toward the Midline
Rotation
Circular Action in One Plane
Circumduction
Circular Action in All Planes
Cartilage
Cushions in between the bones of a joint
Ligaments
Connect bone to bone; not designed to stretch
Tendons
Connects muscle to bone
Ball and Socket
Circumduction; Example: Shoulder or Hip
Hinge
Flexion and Extension; Example: Knee or Elbow
Pivot
Rotation: Example: Lower Arm
Plane
Gliding; Example: Shoulder Blade
Trunk Bones
Skull, Sternum, Ribs, Vertebrae
Shoulder Girdle Bones
Scapula, Clavicle
Pelvis Bones
Hip Bones, Sacrum, Coccyx
Arm Bones
Humerus, Radius, Ulna
Leg Bones
Femur, Patella, Tibia, Fibula
Neck Location
Sternocleidomastoid
Back Location
Latissimus Dorsi
Breath Location
Diaphragm
Shoulder/Shoulder Girdle Location
Pectoralis, Rhomboids, Trapezius, Deltoid
Elbow Location
Biceps, Triceps
Hip/Hip Girdle Location
Psoas, Gluteus, Adductors, Abductors, Rotators
Knee Location
Quadriceps, Hamstrings
Ankle Location
Gastrocnemius