VEM 005 - SAS 12: ANIMAL HEALTH

Bio-exclusion

keeping diseases out

Bio-containment

preventing spread

Bio-management

reducing disease impact

QUATSA

Quaternary Ammonium Compounds

Sodium carbonate

soda ash

Sodium Hydroxide

lye

Vacca

latin for cattle

May 8, 1979

WHO officially declared the smallpox virus eradicated

Edward Jenner

invented smallpox vaccine in 1796

May 2015

OIE declared Rinderpest, a viral infection that ravaged cattle, to be eradicated worldwide

Rabies

caused by Lyssavirus from family Rhabdoviridae

Rabies

salivation, aggressive behavior often manifested by biting anything

Foot and Mouth Disease

caused by Aphthovirus from family Picornaviridae

Foot and Mouth Disease

affects all ungulates except horses

Foot and mouth Disease

vesicles on the foot, toes, and mouth

Newcastle Disease

Avian Pneumoencaphilitis

Newcastle Disease

caused by Paramyxocirus-I from family Paramyxoviridae

Newcastle Disease

coughing, gasping, sneezing; tremors, paralysis of the wings and legs, twisted necks and spasms

Avian Influenza

caused by Orthomyxocirus from family Orthomyxoviridae

Avian Influenza

sneezing, coughing, ocular and nasal discharges, swollen infraorbital sinuses

Low Pathogenicity Avian Flu

causes subclinical infections, respiratory disease, and drop in egg production in layers

High Pathogenicity Avian Flu

high mortaity rate and is a known zoonotic disease

Bacillus anthracis

causative agent of the disease known as Anthrax

Anthrax

affects mostly ruminants

Anthrax

spread through open wound, or by ingestion or inhalation

Region I (Ilocos Region) and Region II (Cagayan Valley)

areas where Anthrax is common

Brucella abortus

causative agent of Brucellosis in cattle and buffalos

Brucella melitensis

causes brucellosis in sheep and goat

Brucella suis

causes brucellosis in swin e

Brucellosis

causes abortion in lovestock

Brucellosis

zoonotic but affected humans only show fever

Campylobacter fetus venerealis

causative agent of Vibriosis in cattle

Vibriosis

can be spread sexually or through ingestion of bacteria

Vibriosis

causes late stage abortion and infertility

Clostridium tetani

causative agent of Tetanus

Clostridium tetani

ubiquitous in soil and found in the gut of herbivores

Tetanus

affects mostly horses

Sawhorse stance

affected animals with Tetanus, especially horses and cattkle, often stand or lie down with all 4 legs planted stiffly away from the body, neck extended, and tail straight out

Lockjaw

Trismus

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

causative agent of Erysipelas

Erysipelas

disease in pigs that cause rhomboid lesions on their barrel that will eventually lead to arthritis and endocarditis

Erysipeloid

term for Erysipelas found in humans

Escherichia coli

natural commensal of the gut of both human and animal

Escherichia coli

causes Endotoxemia

Endotoxemia

may lead to morbidity among affected eventually mortality among affected animals

Leptospira interrogans

causative agent of Leptospirosis

Manilae

serovar of Leptospira interrogans isolated from sewer rats in Manila

Leptospirosis

can be sexually transmitted

Leptospirosis

can cause abortion, kidney failure, jaundice or icterus, infertility, stillbirth, and death

Pasteurella multocida

may either act as the primary or secondary pathogen in diseases such as Shipping fever, Hemorrhagic Septicemia, and Atrophic Rhinitis

Pasteurella multocida

commensal of the upper respiratory tract and oral cavity

Pasteurella multocida

become pathogenic if the animal's immune systm is suppressed either due to stress or introduction of a viral disease

Mycobacterium bovis

causes Tuberculosis in ruminants and humans

Tuberculosis

the reason why Louis Pasteur devised a system of heating milk called Pasteurization

Aspergillus fumigatus

causes Aspergillosis

Aspergillosis

in cattle, causes bronchopneumonia, mastitis, placentitis, and abortion

Aspergillosis

in birds, causes bronchopneumonia

Aspergillosis

in horses, causes nosebleed and dysphagia due to guttural pouch mycosis

Guttural pouch

organ in horses that connect the nose, mouth, and ears

Ascaris suum

nematode/roundworm

Nematode

larvae of this helminth migrate into the lungs and liver thus eliciting inflammatory response

Pigs

host of Nematodes

Nematode

reduce feed efficieny and causes emaciation to the animal

Oxyuris equi

Pin worm belonging to Nematodes

Horse

host of Pin worm

Pin worm

lay eggs by cementing them to the perineum around the anus

Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica

Common Liver Fluke

Common Liver Fluke

Trematodes

Ruminants

Final host of Common liver fluke

Lymnaea/Snails

Intermediate host of Common liver fluke

Common Liver Fluke

causes liver cirrhosis in cattle

Common Liver Fluke

in conjunction with infectious necrotic hepatitis or "black disease" which is often fatal

Clostridium noyvi

Black disease

Schistosoma japonicum

Trematode

Schistosoma japonicum

stays in the blood vessels of the liver, the portal vein

Schistosoma japonicum

causes ascites, emacation of the animal, fibrosis of the liver parenchyma thus causing cirrhosis

Schistosoma japonicum

endemic in Eastern Leyte, Samar, Surigao

Oncomelania quadrasii/Snail

Intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum

Taenia saginata

Beef tapeworm Cestode

Humans

Final host of Beef tapeworm

Cysticercus bovis

Measly beef; larvae of Beef tapeworm

Measly beef

encyst on muscles of beef cattle

Measly beef

can be found in the heart, tongue, diaphragm, and jaw muscles

Taenia solium

Pork tapeworm Cestode

Cysticercus cellulosae

Measly pork; larvae of Pork tapeworm

Coccidians

belong to either genus Eimeria or Isospora

Coccidians

host varies from poultry to livestock to companion animals

Eimeria tenella

found in the ceca of poultry

Toxoplasma gondii

causes abortion to all species of animals including humans

Cats

host of Toxoplasma gondii

Tritrichomonas foetus

venereal disease in cattle

Tritrichomonas foetus

causes infertility to bulls aned early gestational abortion in pregnant cows

Trypanosoma evansii

causative agent to Surra (Hindu word for wasting)

Vector

carrier of protozoan

Tabanus spp.

Horse fly

Horse fly

carrier of Trypanosoma evansii

Surra

fatal to horses and camels

Sarcoptes scabei

causative agent of Sarcoptic Mange or Kurikong in Cebuano

Sarcoptic Mange

zoonotic

Demodex spp.

Causative agent of Demodectic Mange known as Galis in Filipino