ISM 301-02 Exam 2

Please review the diagram, and identify the type of diagram:

Sequence Diagram

What message is sent after “Execute()” in this sequence?

aPatient

“aVerification” is a:

A return message sent by Customer to Cart

“OrderConfirmed()” is a:

An operation call sent by Payment gateway to Shipping

Can you identify the temporary object?

Cart

“In process”, “Ordered”, “Placed”.. are most likely..

Order Status

Identify the DAM case here.

B

Scenario: A fitness tracking app needs to store user progress, including steps and workouts, for access across sessions.
Question: Which storage option provides the best structure for handling this data with scalability and querying capabilities?

Relational Database

Scenario: An e-commerce platform uses a Product-DAM class to handle database operations for the Product class.
Question: Which of the following is NOT a role of the Product-DAM class?

Defining the product attributes

Scenario: A school database needs to store multiple emergency contact numbers for each student.
Question: According to RDBMS mapping rules, what is the best way to handle this?

Create a separate table for emergency contacts linked to the Student table with a foreign key

Scenario: A project team is designing an online booking system for a Spa. They have created the activity diagrams for key use cases, updated class diagram, mapped the CRUDE matrix, and created the sequence diagram.
Question: We know O-O system development involves iterations between different views of the system. Which view/model is the project team currently focusing on?

All of the above

______ documentation is designed to help programmers and system analysts understand the application software and maintain it after the system is installed.

System

________ is the type of test performed to assess whether a set of classes that must work together do so without an error.

Integration testing

The computing architecture in which the server performs practically all of the work is known as _______.

Server-based architecture

The type of documentation designed to be used when the user needs to learn how to perform a specific function is known as _______.

Reference documents

In an n-tiered architecture, the ______ is spread across two or more different sets of servers.

Application logic

________ is the development of all parts of the new system including the software, documentation, and new operating procedures.

Construction

In addition to testing the functional requirements across all layers, testing must also address all nonfunctional requirements. Which of the following is not one of those nonfunctional requirements?

Budgetary

Scalability refers to the _______.

easy increase or decrease of the storage and processing capabilities of the computer.

The cloud can contain the firm’s IT infrastructure, IT platform, and software. _______ refers to the cloud providing the computing hardware to the firm as a remote-service.

Infrastructure as a server (IaaS)

What approach to system testing checks to see if the new system can handle high volumes of transactions?

Performance testing

The fundamental part of the user interface that provides information from the systems to the user is the ______ mechanism.

Output

Moving files by dragging and dropping is an example of _____ navigation controls.

Direct manipulation

A(n) ______ shows how all the screens, forms and reports are related, and how the user moves from one to another.

Windows navigation diagram

The user interface design principle that places an emphasis on the user’s ability to always know where he/she is in the system and what information is being displayed is ______.

Content awareness

The ______ design principle requires that a report not provide all the available information, only the information that is needed.

Manage information load

A(n) ______ check is a type of input validation that determine if several fields have been entered before the form can be processed.

Completeness

If real-time information is required by the information system, then the appropriate input processing mechanism is ____.

On-line processing

An analyst ensures that fifty percent of the user interfaces is white space to improve readability. Which design principle is the analyst following?

Aesthetics

Which of the following is an important principle of input design?

capture input electronically as close to the source as possible.

The fundamental part of the user interface that permits the system to capture information is the _____ mechanism.

Input

Kim has stored a procedure for the method LastOrder() that refers to the Order Table to calculate the days passed since a customer last placed their order. Which of the following rules of mapping problem domain classes to data is Kim applying?

Implement methods as stored procedures

File oriented systems are usually more efficient than database systems.

False

Which of the following is NOT an example of a Database Management System?

MS Word

Sam has created a column “TotalAmount” in the Order Table because the class Order had an attribute “Total Amount”. Which of the following rules of mapping problem domain classes to data is Sam applying?

Map attributes to table columns

Roy has copied the attributes of “Employee Table” to the “Manager Table”. Employee is a superclass of the subclass Manager. Which of the following rules of mapping problem domain classes to data is Roy applying?

Flatten hierarchy by copying superclass attributes.

Eva has created a table named “Order Table” because there was a concrete class of “Order” in the class diagram. Which of the following rules of mapping problem domain classes to data is Eva applying?

Map concrete classes to tables

The relational DBMS only supports simple data types, but the Object Relational DBMS supports both simple and complex data types.

True

The process of ensuring that values linking tables together through the primary and foreign keys are valid and correctly synchronized is _______.

referential integrity

Any application cannot fulfill its purpose without _____.

Data

Michelle has the same primary key for both the “Employee Table” and the “Manager Table". Employee is a superclass of the subclass manager. Which of the following rules of mapping problem domain classes to data is Michelle applying?

Ensure subclass keys match superclass keys.

A disadvantage of purchasing prepackaged software is that the organization may _____.

Accept functionality that is not a perfect fit.

An advantage of purchasing packaged software is that the organization can ______.

Save money on the purchase.

When an analyst discovers that a set of classes have a similar set of attributes and methods, it may make sense to _____ out the similarities into a separate class.

factor

Which one in the following is NOT a factor for selecting a design strategy?

Software quality

Which of the following is not a fundamental way to approach the creation of a new information system?

rely on end-users to develop it themselves

A layer represents an element of the ____ of the evolving system.

software architecture

When the business need is unique and the process is critical to the business, the most appropriate development strategy is packaged software.

False

Which one in the following is a development strategy?

Packaged software

There are three methods to create a new system. They are _____.

In-house custom application, buy a package, and external vendor

It is much less efficient to buy packaged software that has already been created, tested, and proven than to build a system from scratch.

True

_____ is used to represent the changes that occur in the underlying data.

behavioral state machine

The modeling focus of the interaction diagram is at the ____ level while the modeling focus on the class diagram as at the _____ level.

object, class

______ are information that is sent to objects to tell it to execute one of its behaviors.

Messages

A set of rules are used for performing the verification and validation walkthrough of behavioral model. One of the rules is: all entries in a CRUDE matrix imply _____ being sent from an actor or object to another actor or object.

A message

A(n) _____ is an instantiation of a class.

object

The first step in building a sequence diagram is to ______.

set the context

A(n) ______ describes information about an object.

Attribute

A behavioral state machine is a dynamic model that shows the difference state through which a single _____ passes through its life in a response to events, along with its responses and actions.

object

The acronym CRUDE stands for ______.

create, read, update, delete, execute

The modeling focus of the interaction diagram is at the _____ level.

object

A(n) ______ describes information about a class.

Attribute

Which of the following are example of a behavioral model:

All of them.

Behavioral state machine diagrams are drawn for all objects in the system.

False

A sequence diagram is used for a use case scenario whereas a behavioral state machine is used for a complex object.

True

All object-oriented systems development approaches are use-case driven, architecture-centric, and iterative and incremental.

True

What is the behavioral model?

Describes the internal dynamic aspects of an information system that supports the business processes in an organization.

What are diagrams used in the behavioral model?

Activity diagrams, sequence diagrams, behavioral state machines, and CRUDE matrix.

What is the purpose of a behavioral model?

To show how the underlying objects in a problem domain will work together to form a collaboration to support each of the use cases. It is an internal view of the business processes.

What are the 2 types of behavioral models?

Type 1 is used to represent underlying details of a business process portrayed by a use-case model. These are interaction diagrams. Type 2 is used to represent the changes that occur in the underlying data.

What diagrams belong to Type 1 behavioral models?

Interaction diagrams: activity diagrams (specifically with swimlanes) and sequence diagrams.

What diagrams belong to Type 2 behavioral models?

Behavioral state machine diagrams

What do interaction diagrams do?

They allow the analyst to model the distribution of the behavior of the system over the actors and objects in the system. To easily show how actors and objects collaborate to provide the functionality defined in a use case. These diagrams focus on the object level.

What are the steps of creating a sequence diagram?

Set context, identify actors and objects, set lifelines, add messages, place execution occurrence, and validate

What is CRUDE Analysis?

A technique to identify how objects collaborate to support the use cases.

What are the steps for creating a CRUDE matrix?

Identify all the actors and the classes, identify the type of interactions, and verify the interactions.

What is a behavioral state machine?

A dynamic model that shows the different states through which a single object passes during its life in response to events along with its responses and actions.

Are behavioral state machines used for all objects?

No. They are only used for complex objects to further define them and to help simplify the design of algorithms for their methods.

The behavioral state machine shows the different states of the object and what events cause the object to change from one state to another.

True

When should a behavioral state machine be used?

To help understand the dynamic aspects of a single class and how its instances evolve over time.

What are elements of behavioral state machines?

State, event, transition, and guard condition

What is a state in a behavioral state machine?

The value of an object’s attributes and its relationships with other objects at a particular point in time.

What is an event in a behavioral state machine?

Something that takes place at a certain point in time and changes a value or values that describe and object, which in turn, changes the objects state.

What is a transition in a behavioral state machine?

Movement of an object from one state to another.

What is a guard condition in a behavioral state machine?

A Boolean expression that includes attribute values, which allows a transition to occur only if the condition is true.

What is a “black hole" state in a behavioral state machine?

A state that an object goes into but never comes out of. This should be avoided.

What is a “miracle” state in a behavioral state machine?

A state that an object comes out of but never went into. This should be avoided.

The sequence diagram must be associated with a use case.

True

Actors on the sequence diagram don’t need to be associated with actors on the use-case diagram.

False

Messages on Sequence diagrams must be related to activities and actions on an activity diagram and events listed in a use-case description.

True

Transitions on behavioral state machines don’t need to be related to activities and actions on an activity diagram and events listed in a use-case description.

False

Entries in a CRUDE matrix must be related to activities and actions on an activity diagram and events listed in a use-case description.

True

All complex objects must be represented by an object node in an activity diagram.

True

What must be associated with responsibilities and associations on CRC cards and operations in classes and associations connected to classes on class diagrams?

Messages contained on the sequence diagram, transitions on behavioral state machines, and cell entries on a CRUDE matrix.

What must objects on a sequence diagram be to a class?

An instantiation of a class

What diagram must objects in CRUDE matrix be associated with?

A class diagram

What must states in a behavioral state machine be associated with?

Different values of an attribute that describes and object.

What is the system design phase in an SDLC?

Where we take the requirements identified during system analysis and translate them into a blueprint for building the system.

What is the main goal of the system design phase?

To decide how the system will be built, ensuring it algins with the business’s needs while considering technical and environmental factors.

What are the steps in the system design phase?

Verify and validate the analysis model and evolving analysis models into design.