Unit 5 Jails

Where did jails originate?

Medieval England

What were jails originally used for?

Holding suspects before trial

What additional purpose did jails develop over time?

Punishment

What was the first major U.S. jail model?

Walnut Street Jail (1773)

What reform method did Walnut Street Jail emphasize?

Hard work and discipline

Who runs most jails?

County sheriff

What do jails primarily hold?

Pretrial detainees and misdemeanor offenders

What is a lockup?

Short-term holding facility in a police station

What is a workhouse?

Facility for short-term convicted offenders

What is the main function of jails?

Hold individuals before and after trial

Who stays in jail for less than a year?

Misdemeanor offenders

What type of offenders are held for DUI/DWI?

Mandatory arrestees

Who else may be held in jails besides offenders?

Witnesses in protective custody

What is booking?

The intake process into jail

Name 3 steps in booking.

Identification, fingerprinting, property inventory

What does ROR stand for?

Release on Recognizance

Which gender is incarcerated more?

Males

How much higher is male incarceration compared to females?

7 times higher

Which group is overrepresented in jails?

Racial minorities

Who is most likely to struggle with bail?

Low-income individuals

What trend is happening with elderly inmates?

Increasing population

Black individuals are how much more likely to be jailed than Whites?

About 5 times more likely

Why are minorities overrepresented in jail?

Higher bail, racial profiling, war on drugs

What are poor individuals more likely to be labeled as?

Flight risks

What is the biggest psychological issue in jail?

Uncertainty

What are two common adjustment problems?

Boredom and stress

Why are jails considered political institutions?

Sheriffs are elected officials

Name one alternative to local jail control.

State-run or regional jails

What is first-generation jail supervision?

Linear or intermittent patrol

What is second-generation supervision?

Indirect or remote supervision from a control booth

What is the biggest issue with second-generation jails?

Slow response time

What is third-generation (new generation)?

Direct supervision

What defines direct supervision?

Officers are inside inmate living areas

What is fourth-generation supervision?

Total surveillance (OmniView)

What is a pay-to-stay jail?

Offenders pay for better jail conditions

What is the main criticism of pay-to-stay jails?

Unfair to poor individuals

What is the leading cause of death in jails?

Suicide

What major issue is caused by overcrowding?

Violence and health problems

Why are jails poor at handling mental illness?

Lack of resources and training

What law addresses sexual abuse in jails?

P.rison R.ape E.limination A.ct (PREA)

How can sexual violence be reduced?

Training and improved policies

Name one major health issue in jails.

Mental illness, substance abuse, or disease

What is a mega jail?

1000 or more beds

Which jail size is most common?

Small jails (1–49 beds)

About how many jail officers are there?

Over 200,000

What skills are emphasized for jail officers today?

Communication, conflict resolution, report writing

What does TJC stand for?

Transition from Jail to Community

What is the goal of TJC?

Reduce recidivism

What type of jail is becoming more common?

Direct supervision jails

What is increasing in jails?

Accreditation and standards