Ancient Civilizations and Modern Nations Lecture Review

Comprehensive practice flashcards covering the key dates, figures, and concepts from the series of history presentations on Ancient Egypt, Neo-Babylonia, Malaysia, The Second Reich, Ancient Greece, the Han Dynasty, the Qin Dynasty, and Ancient Rome.

Nile River

Located in Northeastern Africa, it was crucial to ancient Egypt's development by preventing invasion, providing security, and leaving rich mud deposits for fertile soil.

The Great Pyramid of Giza

A structure located in Egypt that is recognized as one of the Seven Wonders of the World.

Hieroglyphics

An essential ancient Egyptian writing system that introduced the concept of using symbols to represent sounds.

Rosetta stone

An archaeological find that consists of three specific writings: Greek, Demotic, and Hieroglyphics.

Polytheistic

The religious classification of ancient Egyptians, meaning they worshipped more than one god.

Osiris and Isis Myth

A story where Osiris was killed and cut into $14$ parts by his brother Seth, then found and resurrected by his wife Isis and other gods.

The Sickle

An agricultural innovation invented by ancient Egyptians known for being cheap and effective.

The Shaduf

An ancient Egyptian irrigation tool that is still used today because it is cheap and requires no electricity.

Geometry

The type of mathematics used by Egyptians to re-establish property lines that were washed away during the flooding of the Nile.

Chaldean

The religion that replaced the traditional Babylonian religion in the Neo-Babylonian empire.

King Nabonidus

The third and final leader of the Babylonians before they fell to Persia.

Marduk

The god who had a ziggurat located at the center of Babylonia.

Ishtar Gate

The eighth gate to the city of Babylonia.

Base $60$

The number system used by the Neo-Babylonians for their calculations.

Res satti, midi satti, and qit satti

The names of the three parts that made up the year for the Neo-Babylonians.

The Madura company

The company that had an agreement with the protector of labor to organize migrant workers and their transportation in Malaysia.

Rubber and Tin

The two main resources extracted from Malaysia by the British.

Federation of Malaysia

The group responsible for negotiating Malaysia's independence, which was gained on August $31$'st $1957$. ($08/31/1957$)

New Economic Policy

A Malaysian policy designed to foster stronger unity and reduce poverty.

Racial Riots of May $13$'th $1969$

A conflict in Malaysia primarily involving the Malay and the Chinese groups.

The Second Reich

A period in German history beginning in $1871$ that encompassed $25$ states.

Emperor Wilhelm Bismark

The first German Emperor of the Second Reich.

Triple Alliance

A coalition also known as the Central Powers, consisting of Germany, Austria, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire.

Treaty of Versailles

An agreement that devastated Germany by limiting its army, damaging its reputation, blaming it for WWI, and stripping away eastern territory.

Wilhelm Kheiser II

The last emperor of the Second Reich.

Mycenaeans

The group considered to be the first Greeks, who adapted the Minoan linear A Script.

Geometric Period

Another name for the Greek Dark ages, so called because art featured repeating geometric patterns.

Polis

The Greek term for individual city states.

Ekklesia, Boule, and Dikastera

The three component parts of democracy as practiced in Athens.

Alexander the Great

The leader whose death marked the official end of the Classical Period in Ancient Greece.

Emperor Gazou

The founder of the Han Dynasty.

Civil Service Exam

A system established during the Han Dynasty that based government positions on talent rather than inheritance.

Zheng Qian

An explorer whose expedition was a turning point for China, resulting in cultural interaction with Central Asia.

Ji-Ji ceremony

A rite of passage in the Han Dynasty where young maids transition to adulthood by having their hair washed and tied in a bun.

Cai Lun

The individual credited with making paper using tree bark, linen hemps, and fishing nets.

Qin Shi Huangdi

The Emperor of the Qin Dynasty ($221-207\,BCE$), also known as King Zheng, who introduced the legal system and a blueprint for government.

Terracotta army

A collection of statues discovered by people digging for wells, intended to guard Qin Shi Huangdi in the afterlife.

Animism

An early Roman religious belief that spirits resided in objects.

Flavian Emperors

The rulers, specifically Vespasian, responsible for the construction of the Colosseum in Rome.

Paterfamilias

The Roman social structure where the father served as the absolute head of the family.

Centuries

The smaller units into which Roman military legions were divided.

Thermopolia

Roman establishments that provided a service similar to modern fast food.