Unit 2: Evolution Biology B study guide

Jean Baptiste Lamarck

French scientist believed that an animal could change its traits during its lifetime.

How was Lamarks theory different than Darwins?

Lamark thought your traits could change in your lifetime and Darwin said they couldn’t change in their lifetime

James Hutton

Suggested that geological processes happen slowly over long periods of time and that the earth is old

Charles Lyell

Expanded on Hutton’s ideas, showed that the earth’s surface changes gradually over millions of years

How did Hutton and Lyell’s ideas impact evolution?

Their idea explained why marine fossils were found on mountain tops and proved that the earth was old

Thomas Malthus

that populations grow exponentially and that resources (like food) grow linearly, leading to competition in survival

Who went to the Galapagos islands?

Charles Darwin

What animals did Darwin study in the Galapagos islands?

Various finch populations

What was the importance of studying the Galapagos islands?

It was a foundational stepping stone that helped Darwin make discoveries that proved his theory.

What is fitness?

Being able to survive and reproduce in your environment

What does the process of natural selection look like?

The organisms with unfit traits die and don’t reproduce but, the organisms with fit traits will survive and reproduce.

Artificial Selection

the process where humans deliberately choose specific plants or animals to breed based on desirable, heritable traits.

How is artificial selection different than natural selection?

Natural selection is when animals decide who they breed with, and artificial selection is when humans decide what animal breeds with what animal to get the desired trait.

Genetic Variation

A variety of traits in a population

What increases/decreases genetic variation?

Genetic variation is increased by: Migration,Mutation and sexual reproduction.

Genetic variation is decreased by: Emigration

Sexual Reproduction

Two different organisms make one (or more) slightly different organisms

What is sexual Selection and why is it important?

Sexual selection is the ability to get and mate and reproduce. Sexual selection is important because, it inceases the population amount

Asexual Reproduction

One organism making an identical organism all by itself

Gene Shuffling

a process that recombines existing genes and genetic elements

Gene pool

the total collection of all genes in a population

Geographical Isolation

Two populations are separated by a geographical feature

Temporal Isolation

Two populations of the same species breed at different times/seasons and after a period of time, evolve into a different species

Behavioral isolation

Organisms of a species do not mate because of differences in courtship behavior

Speciation

The formation of new species

What causes speaciation?

When 2 populations are isolated from each other over a period of time.

What is the evidence of evolution?

Fossils and Structures.

Homologous structures

Body parts of an organism that are similar in structure and position but different in function. Example: Human arms and whale fins

Analogous structures

Body parts that preform similar function but differ in structures.

example: Bird wings and Incest wings

Vestigial Structure

Body parts that have lost their original function through evolution.

Example: Human tailbones

What is taxonomy?

the science name of a species

Why is taxonomy important?

It helps scientist classify the identification of a species.

What are the 8 levels of taxonomy?

1.)Domain

2.) Kingdom

3.) Phylum

4.) Class

5.) Order

6.) Family

7.) Genus

8.) Species

What option is correct in the Binomial nomenclature?

Canis lupis or Canis Lupis (the first one)