Microbiology Chapter 1: Microbial World

Prokaryotes

Name means before kernel; single circular chromosomal DNA molecule—>single copy of genetic material that lacks membrane bound nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

Eukaryotes

Name means true kernel; multiple linear DNA molecules, two copies of genetic material; has a membrane-bound nucleus

Ribosomal RNA genes

small subunit RNA gene sequences that helped classify organisms into Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya

Bacteria, Eukarya, Archaea

Building blocks of life domains were Archaea and Eukarya branched from Bacteria

Plasma Membrane Chart for Bacteria

Bacteria—→similar to Eukarya

Plasma Membrane Chart for Archaea

Archaea——→different from both

Plasma Membrane Chart for Eukarya

Eukarya———→similar to Bacteria

Cell wall Chart for Bacteria

Bacteria———>found in all, peptidoglycan

Cell wall Chart for Archaea

Archaea———>found in all, various materials

Cell wall Chart for Eukarya

Eukarya———→in some, made from various materials

Histone Chart for Bacteria

Bacteria——> NO

Histone Chart for Archaea

Archaea———→ YES

Histone Chart for Eukarya

Eukarya———>YES

Virus

Has RNA and DNA that mutates and evolves

Microbes

They dominated the planet for approximately 3.6 billion years

Ribozymes

RNA molecules that catalyzes chemical reactions; similar to protein-based enzymes RNA initially stores information

Micelle

Spherical units w/ polar surfaces and non-polar cores; single lipid layer

Probiont

Primitive cell using RNA for storing genetic information and coding

Endosymbiotic theory

Prokaryotic microbes eat each other, become symbiotic, and formed eukaryotes

Louis Pasteur

Disproved Spontaneous Generation theory

Robert Koch

Work with Anthrax

Koch’s Postulates

Basic rules to make it easy to know which microbe causes which disease

Prevention of infection through

use of antiseptics, sanitation improvements, food and water safety, personal hygiene, treatment of infections: ——→ antibiotics

Joseph Lister

Antiseptics, including Listerine

Alexander Fleming

Discovered penicillin

Jonas Salk and Albert Sabin

Developed polio vaccines