Ethics - prefi and finals

HUMAN REASONING

is our sense of obligation to do what is

right even if we do not want to do it.

IMMANUEL KANT

.......morality is the usage of our freedom of choice but is

based on what we want, this is purely based on the

necessities men needed to fulfill such as the freedom to

do whatever we want.

REASON

is the capacity for consciously making sense of things,

establishing and verifying facts, applying logic, and

changing or justifying practices, institutions, and beliefs

based on new or existing information.

DEDUCTIVE REASONING, INDUCTIVE REASONING, ABDUCTIVE REASONING, REDUCTIVE REASONING, FALLACIOUS REASONING

TYPES OF HUMAN REASONING

DEDUCTIVE REASONING

STARTS WITH GENERAL FACTS, ENDS

WITH A SPECIFIC, CERTAIN CONCLUSION.

IF THE STARTING FACTS (PREMISES) ARE TRUE, THE

CONCLUSION MUST BE TRUE. IT'S LOGICAL AND

CERTAIN.

INDUCTIVE REASONING

STARTS WITH SPECIFIC OBSERVATIONS, ENDS

WITH A GENERAL, PROBABLE CONCLUSION.

YOU LOOK AT PATTERNS OR EXPERIENCES AND MAKE

A GENERAL GUESS. THE CONCLUSION MIGHT BE TRUE,

BUT IT’S NOT GUARANTEED.

ABDUCTIVE REASONING

BEST GUESS BASED ON THE EVIDENCE

AVAILABLE.

YOU SEE CLUES AND CHOOSE THE MOST LIKELY

EXPLANATION, EVEN IF IT’S NOT CERTAIN. IT’S LIKE

BEING A DETECTIVE.

REDUCTIVE REASONING

PROVE SOMETHING BY SHOWING THE OPPOSITE

IS RIDICULOUS.

YOU ASSUME THE OPPOSITE OF WHAT YOU'RE TRYING

TO PROVE, THEN SHOW THAT IT LEADS TO

SOMETHING ABSURD OR IMPOSSIBLE.

FALLACIOUS REASONING

BAD LOGIC OR FALSE THINKING.

THE REASONING SOUNDS CLEVER BUT IS ACTUALLY

WRONG. IT’S BASED ON FAULTY CONNECTIONS OR

BAD LOGIC.