Acids and Bases vocab
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20 Terms
Acid
A compound that releases hydrogen ions (H⁺) when it dissolves in water
Base
A substance that mostly releases hydroxide ions (OH⁻) when it dissolves in water
Alkali
A soluble base
Strong acid
An acid that releases lots of H⁺ ions when dissolved in water
Weak acid
An acid that releases only a few H⁺ ions when dissolved in water
Neutralisation
A reaction between an acid and a base that produces salt and water
Neutral
A solution with a pH of 7, neither acidic nor basic.
pH scale
A scale running from 0 to 14; 0 is most acidic, 14 is most alkaline, 7 is neutral
Acidic
Having a pH below 7
Alkaline
Having a pH above 7
Indicator
A natural dye that changes colour depending on whether it is placed in an acid or a base
Litmus
An indicator that turns red in acids and blue in bases
Universal indicator
An indicator that shows a range of colours across the pH scale linked to pH values
Phenolphthalein
An indicator that is colourless in acids and pink in alkalis
Salt
A compound of a metal ion and one or more non-metal ions (not oxide) formed during neutralisation
Rates of Reaction
How quickly reactants are used up or products are formed in a chemical reaction
Reaction rate
How fast a chemical reaction occurs
Collision theory
For a reaction to occur, particles must collide with each other; the more collisions per second, the faster the reaction
Temperature Increasing
temperature gives particles more kinetic energy so they move faster and collide more frequently, increasing reaction rate
Surface area
Increasing surface area exposes more particles to collisions, increasing collision frequency and reaction rate