APUSH Periods 1-3 (1492-1800)

Line of Demarcation/Treaty of Tordesillas

lines that marked Spanish and Portuguese land claims in South America

encomienda system

Spain granted Native Americans to settlers as slaves for free

capitalism

economic system where money is more important than land

asiento system

people would pay Spanish government a tax for African slaves

Colombian Exchange

exchange of goods in Europe, Africa, Americas

Effects of Colombian Exchange

Europe gained new plants and food, like potato and tobacco, new diseases

Americas got horses, wheels, guns, foods, and diseases that killed lots of natives

why did Spain transition from encomienda to asiento system?

africans replaced natives that died from disease

reasons for european exploration

God, gold, glory, new trade routes

Bartolome de Las Casas

Spanish priest that thought native slavery was wrong

convinced king to pass new laws of 1542 to end native slavery

what were the spanish colonies like?

catholic only, sugar plantations with slaves, intermarriage with natives, ruled by appointed royal governor

what were the french colonies like

lots of trade (mainly fur) with natives, friendly with natives, some intermarriage, no Protestants only Christians, no political rights or public meetings, ruled by king

what was common in the British colonies?

lots of fishing, farming, trading

laregly non-Catholic except MD, most colonies founded under idea of religious freedom

families, wealthy merchants, indentured servants, some slaves

originally friends with Natives, ruled by local government

mercantilism

economic philosophy to maximize exports and minimize imports to make parent country richer

seperatists

Protestants that wanted Church of England to break ties completely with Roman Catholic Church

eventually leave Britain and create Plymouth in 1620

puritans

Protestants that believed Church of England could be reformed to be more Protestant

eventually leave Britain and create Massachusetts Bay in 1629

quakers

Massachusetts Bay refugees that believed relious authroity was found within each person

eventually leave MB to create Pennsylvania

antinomianism

belief that people recieve salvation so they didn't have to follow moral laws

MB refugees eventually leave to create Rhode Island

Jamestown

first permanent English settlement in 1607

young people, mainly men and wealthy merchants

lots of tobacco farms with indentured servants

suffered from disease and starvation in early years under poor leader, John Smith

Plymouth and MB (Massachusetts)

Plymouth settled by seperatists in 1620, MB puritans in 1629

lots of families and towns, rich merchants, harbors

many family farms

settlers came for religious freedom

lots of motivation to work from John Winthrop along the Great Migration to MB

New England Economics

fishing, fur trade with Natives

lumber, shipbuilding

lots of harbors with wealthy merchants

Middle Colonies Economics

farming - corn, beans, wheat, tomatoes

fishing, trading, fur trade, hunting

lots of farmers and farms, some slaves

Southern Colonies Economics

plantations - tobacco, indigo, rice

traders

lots of slaves on farms and plantations

Bacon's Rebellion (1676)

Nathaniel Bacon, upset over taxes and no gov. help to push away natives from Western border, raids native villages and burns Jamestown

first big uprising in the colonies

Colonies' Laws in 1600s

Act of Toleration (Maryland), repealed

Navigation Acts, saultary neglect until 1760's

Great Awakening

time of religious reform, people started having more religious freedom and called for stricter separation of church and state

Causes of French and Indian War

border dispute in Ohio territory

George Washington fights French settlements on Ohio River for no reason (doesn't start war but creates tension)

Effects of French and Indian War

Treaty of Paris (1767) - Britain got all French land East of Mississippi River

American colonies no longer faced a threat from Spain and France

colonists were proud of their performance, Britain thought colonists were unable to protect themselves

Laws before the Revolutionary War

Proclamation of 1763

Sugar Act, Quartering Act, Stamp Act, Declatory Act

Townshend Act

Tea Act, Intolerable Acts, Quebec Act

Stamp Act Reaction

Stamp Act Congress

Sons and Daughters of Liberty

Repeal of Stamp Act and Declatory Act put in place

Reasons for Seeking Independence

Deism, Rationalism, Social Contract, Limited Gov.

Treaty of Paris (1783)

Britain recognized US as independent nation with boundary at the Mississippi River

America had fishing rights in Canada

America would pay British merchants and loyalists debts off

Women During the Revolution

made the Daughters of Liberty

some fought in war, ran family businesses while men were fighting

Republican Motherhood

Strengths of Articles of Confederation

finds way to organize Western territory with the Land:

Congress in charge of land

people can petition to become a state when enoguh people move into a territory

land set aside for public education

Weaknesses of Articles of Confederation

states compete for trade, no national military, no federal courts, no exectuive branch, federal government had little power

Shays' Rebellion

Massachusetts farmer leads uprising opposing taxes

stopped by MA militia only, started support for stronger national gov. leading to Const. Convention

Challenges facing the New Country (1788-89)

US bankrupt, in war debt

no federal court system

no foreign policy

nation wasn't unified

Washington's Presidency (1789-1797)

Judiciary Act of 1789, first cabinet

Hamilton v. Jefferson, creation of political parties (Federalists vs Democratic-Republicans)

Hamilton's Financial Plan, Whiskey Rebellion (1794)

treaties to control foreign policy - Jay Treaty, Pickney's Treaty, Greenville Treaty

Washington's Farewell Address

warns of factions and political parties

asks for no political connections or permanent alliances with foreign nations

Adams' Presidency (1797-1801)

XYZ Affair

Citizen Genet (1793, happened during GW presidency)

Start of Quasi War

Alien and Sedition Acts

Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions