Ch1 - Ecology and Sustainable Development - Human Development

Our Universe began ca 14 billion years ago trough the..

Big Bang

Our galaxy, the “Milky Way” is one out of 1 million, 1 billion, 100 billion or 10.000 billion galaxies in the observable universe.

100 billion galaxies

Our galaxy, the “Milky Way” contains about 200-400 thousand, million, billion or trillion stars.

200 to 400 billion stars

The center of our galaxy is formed by a supernova, a black hole, a comet or a sun.

Black hole

Our solar system has 6, 7, 8 or 9 planets.

8 planets

The diameter of our earth is 6.000, 12.000, 20.000 or 40.000 km.

12000 km

Energy generated by fusion in the sun is emitted as...

infrared radiation - visible light - ultraviolet radiation - particles known as solar wind

The plasma of our sun contains the elements:

hydrogen - helium

The core temperature of our sun is 15.000, 150.000, 15 million or 150 million °C.

15 million °C

The surface temperature of our sun is approximately 2.000, 5.000, 10.000 or 100.000 °C.

5000 °C

The particles emitted by the sun are called..

Solar wind

The age of our sun is … years

5 billion

Which of the following species does NOT belong to the class of homo erectus: yuanmouensis, australopithecus, neanderthalensis or pekinensis

Australophitecus

6-10 million years ago the separate evolution of … from the apes started.

Homininae

Homo erectus was the first hominid to control..

Fire

Species Homininae however lacked the … of modern humans

Large brains

Our species, the homo sapiens developed 20.000, 200.000, 1 million or 2 million years ago.

200 000 years ago

The appearance of homo sapiens lead to the extinction of cyanobacteria, dynosaurus rex, homo neanderthalensis and the moa birds.

Homo neanderthalensis

The human brain makes up typically 0,1or 2, or 5 or 10% of the body weight.

2% of body weight

The human brain contains 180.000, 180 million, 180 billion or 180 trillion cells.

180 billion cells

The human brain making up about 3% of the body mass consumes 3%, 10%, 25% or 50% of the energy.

25%

Homo sapiens developed some 200.000 years ago in...

Africa

The advent of agriculture 10.000 years ago led to..

permanent settlements - domestication of animals - use of metal tools - trade and more complex societies

When people lived on hunting and gathering 1, 10, 100 or1.000 ha of land were needed to support 1 person.

1000 ha per person

The first proto states developed about 6.000 years ago in North America, Mesopotamia, South America, Indus valley, Southern Europe, Egypt, Central Africa.

Mesopotamia - Indus Valley - Egypt

The five major global religions are:

Christianity - Islam - Hinduism - Buddhism - Judaism

The Islamic religion was developed in Arabia in the 2nd, 4th, 7th or 9th century.

7th century

The first three large empires in human history founded about 2.500 years ago were:

Persian or Median Empire - Quin Empire - Roman Empire

The first large empires in our history were the Indian Mogul empire, the Persian-Median Empire, the Association of Greek States, the Roman empire, the Inca empire, the Quin empire, the Aztec empire.

Persian or Median Empire - Quin Empire - Roman Empire

The philosophical school of Athens, were many of the foundations of our civilization were developed, was founded by Socrates, Archimedes, Plato or Cicero.

Plato

The School of Athens which developed many principal ideas for the Western society was founded by the philosopher..

Plato

The foundations of our governance system were developed in..

Rome

Two important innovations in China in the Middle ages are the invention of..

printing - compass

During the Middle Ages important innovations were made in the Muslim empire in respect to the production of chemical substances, the conversion of normal metals to gold, printing books, using natural gas as an energy source.

production of chemical substances

In the Middle Ages the scientifically most innovative domain in Europe was the Holy Roman-German Empire, the Islamic Empire, the Commonwealth of Nations or the Viking Empire.

Islamic Empire

The compass was invented in the middle ages in..

China

.. founded the Holy Roman Empire of German Nation.

Charlemagne or Karl der Große

In the Renaissance revolutionary scientific discoveries and inventions would provide the basis for a rapid development of a modern society:

heliocentric system - laws of mechanics - wave theory of light - printing press - compass - mechanical clock

The “Golden Age” of Europe following the Middle Ages is called the..

Renaissance

One of the groundbreaking masterpieces of scientifically based art is the Vitruvian Man with perfect proportions created by..

Leonardo da Vinci

The discovery of the heliocentric system was made by..

Nicolaus Copernicus

European seafarers who had a major impact on the colonization of the rest of the regions of our world by European nations were Julius Cesar, Christoforo Colombo, Antoine Lavoisier, Vasco da Gama, Galileo Galilei, David Livingstone, Raffaelo Santi, Fernao de Magalhaes, George Washington, James Cook.

Christoforo Colombo - Vasco da Gama - Fernao de Magalhaes - James Cook

The first major European colony “New Spain” was founded after conquest of the Inca empire, the Eastern Seabord of North America, the Aztec empire or the Philippines.

Aztec Empire

The first major European colony “New Spain” was founded after conquest of the Aztec empire in the 16th century by Christoforo Colombo, Francisco Pizarro, Hernando Cortes or Vasco da Gama.

Hernando Cortes

The three countries holding the largest colonial empires were:

Great Britain - France - Spain

The age of enlightenment led to the principles of the absolutism of the French kings, the idea to found overseas colonies, the French Revolution or Marxism.

French Revolution

Major ideas created in the Age of Enlightment were the sovereignty of reason, absolute powers for the French king, religious belief is more important than scientific findings, evidence of senses as the primary sources of knowledge and advanced ideals such as constitutional government and unification of church and state.

Sovereignty of reason - evidence as senses as primary source of knowledge - constitutional government

Major philosophers developing the ideas of the age of enlightment were Nicolo Macchiavelli, Emanuel Kant, George Washington, King Henry VIII, Charles-Louis Baron de Montesquieu, Napoleon Bonaparte or Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.

Emanuel Kant - Charles Louis Baron de Montesqieu

The French philosopher who developed the ground-breaking concept of the “separation of power” for governing a country was..

Charles Louis de Montesqieu

The motto of the French Revolution which became a universal principle for democratic governments was:

Liberty - Equality - Fraternity

The invention of James Watt enabled the building of skyscrapers, telephone lines, railroads or airplanes.

Railroads

The steam engine was invented by (Boulton) and..

James Watt

The key invention leading to the first industrial revolution was the..

Steam Engine

Justus von Liebig developed in the 19th century the first … providing the key to solve one of the biggest problems of that time.

Chemical fertiliser

Key innovations of the second industrial revolution:

steel production - elecricity and electric lighting - telephone and radio - combustion engine and automobiles - fertilisers, plastics and pharmaceuticals

At the beginning of the twentieth century the two dominant empires in the center of Europe were..

Austro-Hungarian Empire - German Empire

In the second half of the twentieth century the USA have become the global leader in these areas:

industry - technology - military power - culture - politics - finance

The First and the Second World War brought a massive shift of political power from Europe to Japan, China, USA, Africa.

USA

The two major scientific achievements after World War II leading to the Third Industrial revolution are:

transistor and semiconductor electronis - elucidation of the structure of DNA

The key invention of the 20th century providing the basis for our modern information and communication society is the..

Transistor

Robert Schuman is one of the founding fathers of modern France, the united Germany, the European Union or the United Nations.

European Union

The prime drivers for globalization are the USA, Africa, Russia, Iran.

USA

The WTO treaty of 1995 created essentially a borderless world for goods and money – covering 60, 80, 95 or 100% of the global production and financial services.

95%

In the first half of the twentieth century 10, 50, 100 or 200 million people died in European wars or revolutions.

100 million people

The primary drivers for the global free trade agreement concluded 1995 under the umbrella of the WTO were the UN, Saudi Arabia, the USA, Green Peace, the European Union, Global 2000 and China.

USA - European Union - China

According to forecasts of major ecomists the three leading economic regions in the world in 2050 will be Australia, China, Japan, India, Great Britain, the European Union, Brasil and the USA.

China - India - USA

By 2050 the dominating triad in global trade and economy will be the European Union, Russia, China, Brasil, Japan, India, South Africa, USA.

China - India - USA

Robert Schumann is considered as the most important founding father of the..

European Union

The invention of the World Wide Web in 1989 was made at IBM, Stanford University, CERN or Google.

CERN

The number of internet users globally is in the order of 3, 4.5, 6 or 7 billion people (2025).

6 billion

The percentage of the global population using smart phones is roughly 10, 25, 50 or 85%.

85%

The number of internet users has increased during the last 20 years by a factor of 15, 60, 150 or 1.200.

Factor 150

The share of world trade carried by shipping is 20, 40, 60 or 90%.

90%

The global number of air passengers per year is in the order of 1, 3, 5 or 10 billion.

10 billion

By 2050 global air traffic is expected to decrease by 20%, 50% or increase by 50% or more than 100%.

Increase by more than 100%

By 2050 global maritime shipping of goods is expected to decrease by 20%, 50% or increase by 50% or 100%.

Increase by 50%

Present air traffic is based on the operation of 10.000, 25.000, 40.000 or 100.000 passenger planes.

25000 passenger planes

Maritime shipping transports presently 40, 60, 75 or 90% of the globally traded goods.

90%