Unit 5 ID's: Mental and Physical Health

Eustress

positive form of stress, beneficial to well-being

Distress

negative form of stress, can lead to anxiety

Stressors

the process by which we perceive and respond to certain events (stressors) that we perceive as threatening or challenging

• catastrophes, significant life changes, daily hassles

Hans Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrome: Alarm

body initiates flight or fight in response to a stressor

Hans Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrome: Resistance

body remains at a higher metabolic level to offset

Hans Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrome: Exhaustion

depletion of body’s resources wears and tear on immune system function

Problem-focused coping

focus on identifying and changing/removing the sources of stress

Emotion-focused coping

focus on managing the emotional response to stress

Tend-and-befriend theory

• communicate with others and form a bond (Oxytocin release)

• something relaxing and mindful (colorful, journaling, yoga, etc)

3 D’s of psychological disorder

• Deviant - varying from the norm

• Distressful - causes stress to you or others

• Dysfunction - makes it difficult to function normally

DSM-V/ICD

diagnostic and statistical manual of mental health disorders, 5th edition

Stigma

negative attitudes towards individuals with a mental health diagnosis

Cross-cultural diagnoses

may be difficult to apply universally because different cultural norms, beliefs, etc may cause disorders to manifest differently

Ataque de nerios

episode of intense emotional unrest

• can include uncontrollable shouting, crying, physical aggression

Taijin kyofusho

fear of embarrassing others

Stress-diathesis model of psychological disorders

looks at the interaction between stress-diathesis to describes development of psychological disorder

• predisposition

Anorexia nervosa

restrictive eating, fear of weight gain, altered body perception

Bulimia nervosa

binging (large amounts of food) followed by purging (vomiting/laxatives), fear of weight gain, altered body perception

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of sympathetic nervous system arousal

• automatic arousal

Panic Disorder

marked by unpredictable minutes-long episodes of intense dread (panic attacks)

• Panic attack symptoms: intense feelings of dread/terror, heart palpitations, shortness of breath

Specific Phobias

a persistent and irrational fear of an object or situation that disrupts behavior

• can be as specific as spiders or more general

Agoraphobia

intense fear and anxiety of any place or situation where escape might be difficult

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

repetitive thoughts

• concern with dirt, germs, etc

• something terrible happening

repetitive behaviors

• excessive hand washing

• repeating

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

low mood, worthlessness, loss of interest (anhedonia), fatigue, loss of energy, change in sleep/eating habits, indecisiveness

Persistent Depressive Disorder

depressed mood for most of the days for 2+ years, symptoms never gone for 2+ months, fatigue, indecisiveness, changes in sleeping/feeding habits

Bipolar I Disorder

• manic episodes (7+ days, daily life severely impacted)

• depressive episodes

Bipolar II Disorder

• hypomania (less severe in intensity and duration, may not impact daily life)

• most emphasis on depressive episodes

Schizophrenia Positive symptoms

added

• delusions (thoughts that aren’t real), hallucinations (auditory or visual sensations), disorganized, rapid speech

Schizophrenia Negative symptoms

subtracted

• flat affect (reduced emotional response), flattened speech (robotic), catatonia (lack of movement)

Schizophrenia Dopamine hypothesis

unregulated dopamine receptors and dopamine release in the brain (central nervous system) can result in positive symptoms (hallucinations, etc)

Personality Disorder Cluster A

• “Odd and Eccentric”

• paranoid, schizotype

Personality Disorder Cluster B

• “Emotional, Dramatic, and Unpredictable”

• antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic

Personality Disorder Cluster C

• “Anxious and Fearful”

• avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive

Centralized treatment

impatient care (institutional)

Decentralized treatment

outpatient care (therapy, medication, appt., etc)

Cultural humility

maintains a stance that honors patients cultural identity

Therapeutic alliance

collaborative, trusting relationship

Nonmaleficence

“do no harm” - avoid harm and risk

Fidelity

upholding a consistent commitment

Integrity

full honesty and transparency

Respect

honors patient’s rights

Psychoanalysis: Free Association

• string of words “freely associated”

• project their unconscious - access unconscious conflicts that’s troubling

Dream interpretation

analyze symbolism

Exposure therapy (flooding)

• all at once

• behavioral therapies

Systematic desensitization

• steps of increasing anxiety

• behavioral therapies

Aversion therapy

associate an unpleasant effect with a negative behavior

• behavioral therapies

Token economics

earn a “token” that brings privileges anytime good behavior is exhibited

• behavioral therapies

Biofeedback

gain awareness of controlling biological symptoms such as heart rate, muscle tension, etc

• behavioral therapies

Rational emotive behavioral therapy (REBT)

• therapist helps one change beliefs

• change negative emotional/behavioral consequences

• cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)

Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)

• focus on managing intense emotions

• helps people accept the reality of their lives while also building emotional coping skills to change destructive behavior

• cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)

Person-centered (client-centered) therapy

• self-healing, growth, and self-fulfillment

• patient is treated with unconditional positive regard and minimize the gaps between real and ideal self

• humanistic therapy

Group therapy

therapeutic support in a small group setting