Onset and Initial Presentation of Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders

These flashcards cover essential concepts related to the onset and initial presentation of schizophrenia spectrum disorders, focusing on epidemiology, prevalence, incidence, and the characteristics of the disorder.

What does prevalence refer to in the context of schizophrenia spectrum disorders?

Prevalence refers to the proportion of persons who have a condition at a particular time.

What is the incidence of schizophrenia?

Incidence refers to the proportion or rate of persons who develop a condition during a particular time.

What does a higher male to female ratio in schizophrenia diagnosis indicate?

Males tend to be diagnosed earlier than females, resulting in a higher ratio in younger age groups.

What significant changes in prevalence have been observed from 1990 to 2019?

The raw prevalence of schizophrenia increased from 14.2 million to 23.6 million people.

What are some factors that may contribute to the increase in schizophrenia incidence?

Increased cannabis use, urban living conditions, and higher levels of poverty.

What is the modal age of onset for schizophrenia in males and females?

~21 years for males and ~26 years for females.

What does the term 'Childhood Onset Schizophrenia' (COS) refer to?

Onset of schizophrenia in children 12 years old or younger; it is very rare.

What is the prevalence of Late Onset Schizophrenia (LOS)?

Prevalence of Late Onset Schizophrenia is around 0.6%, and for 'Very Late Onset,' it's between 0.1% and 0.5%.

What is the average duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) seen in individuals?

Average DUP ranges from 22 weeks to over 150 weeks.

What is Lead Time Bias in the context of schizophrenia treatment?

Lead Time Bias suggests that longer DUP might indicate an individual is further along in their illness rather than predicting worse outcomes.