all ap world vocab (in ava's rephrased definition)

Neo-Confucianism

The revival of confucianism but became more of a blend of confucianism and buddhism.

Censorate

“Watchdogs” of the government, so they would watch over the government in order to stop corruption

Hangzhou (Song capital)

Very rich capital in Song China, a trade hub near the Grand Canal

Foot binding

It was when women bound their foot so tightly it broke their bones. It was a way to make women subordinate, similar to the idea of Filial Piety

“middle kingdom”

That china was in the center of the world and the most education/ strong nation

Kowtow

When trading with the chinese, it was way to show respect by giving goods to the emperor (tribute system) and kneeling to also pay respect.

Xiongnu

Major nomadic empire in the steppe area north of the Han dynasty. Forced Han china to become stronger and build the great wall

Sultanate of Delhi

Mainly muslim/ islamic state in southeast asia — Bureaucratic government — fell to Babur at the battle of Panipat

Sufis

They practiced Islam and spread the religion via super optimistic and open.

Kabir

brought hindu and muslim traditions during the bhakti movement

Sikhism

Mix of islam and hindiums

Timbuktu

West African City in the mali empire

Mexica

AKA the Aztecs with their capital in Tenochtitlan

Triple Alliance

An alliance formed between three strong cities in south america, forming the aztec empire

Tenochtitlan

The capital city of the Aztec empire

Chinampas, aka “floating gardens”

It helped with produce and was a good way to farm. it was putting soil and other things overtop river beds.

Huitzilopochtli

Was the god of the aztecs, diety of sun, war, and sacrifice.

Quechua

Family descended from the Andes, aka descendents of the Inca

Gender Parallelism

That men and women were considered equal as people but held very specific jobs

Yuan Dynasty

Dynasty that was ruled by the khans — first non-chinese rule

Khubilai Khan

Khanate of the Yuan Dynasty

Hulegu

ll-Khanate of Persia

Khutulun

Mongol nobel woman who was really good at archery

Kipchak Khanate/ Golden Horde

Khanate of Russia

Monsoon winds

Way to travel in the Indian Ocean — Seasonally Predictable

Swahili language

Bantu and Arabic

Great Zimbabwe

Thrived on trade with gold, strong southeastern African Nation

Jenne-Jeno

Major trading city-state in Mali

Camel caravans

Transportation of goods on camels on the saharan desert trade

Encomienda and Repartimiento

Labor system in latin america that forced the indigenous people to work for spanish rule and convert to christianity.

Peninsulares, Creoles, & Mestizos

Peninsulares: people born in spain went to latin america, creoles: the people spanish born in americas, mestizos: mix of indigenous and spanish

Tupac Amaru Revolt

Largest indigenous uprising

Middle Passage

The passage that slaves went through when traveling between Africa and the Americas

Cowrie shells

form of currency and wealth in africa (mali, etc)

Kingdom of Dahomey

powerful west african states that was highly centralized and militaristic

Queen Nzinga

African ruler that resisted colonial expansion (portuguese) and the atlantic slave trade

British East India Company

They were joint-stock company that heavily traded with India, especially during the Mughal Empire. (inevitable downfall of Mughal Empire, led them to be conquered) 1600s

Dutch East India Company

AKA VOC, super big joint stock company that controlled asian spice routes (state within in a state)

Potosi, Bolivia

Silver mines for spain which good with china

Gunpowder empires

Mughal, Ottomans, Safavids, and the Qing dynasties who rose to power via gunpowder weapons. (Originated from Qing dynasty, trade through the silk road)

Janissaries

The little christian boys recruited for the ottoman military (super good at their job) and came via the devshirme system

Sati

Hindu tradition that once the husband died the wife would go into the fire and kill herself

Jizya

Tax on non-muslim subjects under muslim rule

Devshirme

Forcible recruitment of christian boys to be educated and afterward became very good and loyal leaders or went into the military

Soft gold

Fur trade in Russia

Qing Dynasty

Formed in 1644 after the fall of the Ming and was ruled by the Manchus . Final dynasty

Treaty of Nerchinsk (1689)

Treaty between russia and china after russia had lost to china

Declaration of Independence

Formed in 1776 after the American Declaration

Creoles

Someone of spanish descent born in the americas (2nd on the pyramid)

Miguel Hidalgo and Jose Morelos

Two priests that started the Mexican war of Independence

Simon Bolivar

Venezuelan that liberated south america from spanish rule

Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen

declaration written after the french revolution

Olympe de Gouges

French poet known for her advocacy of women’s rights

Napoleon Bonaparte

French king who rose during the french revolution and stabilized the french

Toussaint Louverture

Leader of the Haitian Revolution, was a general

Jean-Jacques Dessalines

General under Toussaint Louverture and was another prominent leader in the Haitian Revolution

“Independence debt” (see pg. 781)

French requesting lump sum of money because Haiti independence would lose a lot of money

Seneca Falls

A women’s suffrage movement convention in upstate new york

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

American activist and writer that advocated for women’s rights

National American Woman Suffrage Association

Merging rival groups to secure women’s rights and voting

Kartini (vignette pg. 808)

javanese noblewomen and pioneering Indonesian feminist — advocated for women’s education

Huda Sharawi

pioneering egyptian feminist and nationalist

Steam Engine

By James watt in 1765 promoted industrialization

Second Industrial Revolution

New energy sources, materials, and communication (morse code and the telegram)

Middle Class

White collar jobs, people who were more well off and successful from the industrial revolution

Robert Owen

Key figure in early socialism

Karl Marx

Father of communism and wrote the communist manifesto in 1848

Russian Social-Democratic Labor Party

Marxist party dedicated to uniting socialism and overthrowing the tsarist government

The Crimean War (1854-1856)

Russia & Ottomans versus France and Britain (wanted to protect orthodox, got destroyed b/c they weren’t industrialized)

caudillos

Latin American strongmen, authoritarian military leaders

Mexican Revolution of 1910

overthrowing the 30 year dictatorship of porfirio diaz

King Leopold of Belgium

Ruled of the Congo Free state and killed millions when farming rubber

Taiping Uprising

Super bloody civil war that had anti-manchu sentiments and challenge traditional confucianism

Opium Wars

Britain smuggling in opium because they weren’t getting enough silver from china and china was very upset about it and caused wars.

Self-Strengthening Movement

Movement aimed to rapidly modernize and catch up with the west but failed due to corruption

Boxer Uprising

Anti-christian, anti-foreign, nationalist movement

Hundred Days of Reform

Short lived educational movement / reform

Bolsheviks

People who supported Lenin to start the USSR

Vladimir Lenin

Russian revolutionary and politician to the soviet union

Guomindang

Nationalist Party

Mao Zedong

Communist leader of china after the communist revolution

Stalin and Mao

Very important communist figure heads

Zhenotdel

Women’s emancipation and political participation that advocated for women’s rights

Collectivization

Combining lots of small farm into one big farm to collectivize for the state

Five-Year Plans

Aimed for rapid development, industrialization, or specific economic targets in five years. Failed and led to a bunch of famine

Great Leap Forward (pg 1050)

Aimed for mass industrialization and modernization to catch up with the west. Also failed.

Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution

Social-political movement that moved to eliminate capitalistic ideas and bourgeoisie ( rich)

Terror/Great Purges

Brutal campaign of political repression to eliminate perceived enemies and consolidate power

Rape of Nanjing

Mass invasion of china by Imperial Japanese army that involved a lot of rape, sexual violence, and murder

Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Cities in Japan that had atomic bombs dropped on them

Rosie the Riveter

Wartime propoganda

The Holocaust

Anti-semitic event that the Nazis put jews into concentration camps that either killed them immediately or worked them to death

United Nations

After world war 2 meant to prevent any more world wars

Indian National Congress

One of two major political parties in india after indian independence movement

Mohandas Gandhi

Political activist that advocated for the independence of India through peaceful movements

Satyagraha

Peaceful protest movements by Gandhi

Muslim League

Another political party in India that moved for a seperate muslim state

Muhammad Ali Jinnah

Other political activist alongside Gandhi that advocated for a separate muslim state

Deng Xiaoping

Turned China into a global economic powerhouse by implementing market oriented-reforms

Mikhail Gorbachev

Last Soviet leader and reformed the end of the USSR