BIO 330 - Neuroanatomy Lab 10

Label this image of the dorsal brainstem model : caudate nucleus, thalamus, 3 cerebellar peduncles

F = caudate nucleus

G = thalamus

H = superior cerebellar peduncle

I = middle cerebellar peduncle

J = inferior cerebellar peduncle

Label this image of the brainstem model

A = putamen

B = internal capsule

What are the 5 main basal ganglia?

caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, substantia nigra

What fiber tract separates the thalamus from the basal ganglia?

internal capsule

Label the following letters with their respective structures : A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I,J, K,L

A = corpus callosum

B = lateral ventricle

C = caudate nucleus

D = putamen

E = internal capsule

F = insula

G =

H = globus pallidus

I = 3rd ventricle

J =

K =

L = thalamus

What is the orange outline of the cerebellum called?

vermis

What are the bumps/folds on the cerebellum called?

folia

What is the white matter of the cerebellum called?

arborvitae

What are these green areas of the cerebellum called?

tonsils

What are these blue areas of the cerebellum called?

flocculus

What is this bottom area of the vermis called? (red arrow)

nodulus

The nodulus and flocculus of the cerebellum make up what is called the

flocculonodular lobe

What is this dividing line that separates the Anterior and Posterior lobes of the cerebellum?

primary fissure

If the brain swells, what part of the cerebellum pushes on the brainstem? Specific brainstem structure?

tonsils push on medulla

If the brain swells and the cerebellum pushes on the brainstem, why is this bad?

phrenic nerves are being hit which causes disrupted respiratory control

If the brain swells and the cerebellum pushes on the brainstem, what foramen could the cerebellum herniate through?

Foramen magnum

Which 2 nuclei do the basal ganglia and cerebellum project to?

ventral anterior or ventral lateral nuclei of the thalamus

Which cerebellar peduncle allows the output of information out of the cerebellum?

superior cerebellar peduncle

Which cerebellar peduncle allows the input of information from the premotor and primary cortexes into the cerebellum?

middle cerebellar peduncle

Which cerebellar peduncle allows the input of information from lower brainstem structures and the spinal cord into the cerebellum?

inferior cerebellar peduncle

In this image of the cerebellum, pair the colors with their respective hemisphere regions or structural name if it is not a hemisphere

orange/yellow = vermis

green = intermediate hemisphere

pink = lateral hemispheres

The vermis of the cerebellum influences movement of

present/ongoing trunk muscles

When the vermis is active, what type of body movements are carried out after the vermis talks to the cerebral cortex? (think motor tract)

balance and gait movements/trunk muscles (ACT)

What type of movement does the flocculonodular lobe of the cerebellum influence?

coordination of eyes with movement (vestibulo-ocular reflexes)

The intermediate hemisphere of the cerebellum influences the movement of

present/ongoing limb movements

The lateral hemisphere of the cerebellum influences the movement of

future/planning of limb movements

If someone has damage to their intermediate hemisphere what is the result?

erratic/shaky limb movements

If someone has damage to their vermis what is the result?

truncal ataxia (unsteady gait)

The cerebellum has 2 homunculi, in this image label what each color represents in respect to what part of the homunculus it is associated with

yellow = head

blue = arms

red = legs and feet

green = eyes

it is the same for both anterior and posterior lobe

If the LCT wants to perform a muscle movement, where would the cerebellar cortical neurons be active?

left hemisphere

left side of cerebellum in legs / feet area of both anterior and posterior lobes

In this image of the pons / cerebellum the colored areas are deep cerebellar nuclei ; match the color to the respective deep cerebellar nuclei

red = dentate

green = emboliform & globose (emboliform is the one closest to dentate)

blue = fastigial

The present/ongoing movement of trunk muscles purkinje cells associated with the _______ of the cerebellum synapse with which deep cerebellar nuclei

vermis ; fastigial nuclei

The present/ongoing movement of limbs purkinje cells associated with the _______ of the cerebellum synapse with which deep cerebellar nuclei

intermediate hemisphere ; emboliform & globose (interposed nuclei)

The future/planning of limb movements purkinje cells associated with the _______ of the cerebellum synapse with which deep cerebellar nuclei

lateral hemisphere ; dentate nuclei

The future/planning of eye movements punkinje cells associated with the ________ of the cerebellum synapse with which deep cerebellar nuclei

flocculonodular lobe ; vestibular nuclei

Purkinje cells associated with the lateral hemisphere synapse with ________ deep cerebellar nuclei and leave cerebellum the __________ cerebellar peduncle

dentate ; superior peduncle

Purkinje cells associated with the intermediate hemisphere synapse with ________ deep cerebellar nuclei and leave cerebellum the __________ cerebellar peduncle

interposed (emboliform & globose) nuclei ; superior peduncle

Purkinje cells associated with the vermis hemisphere synapse with ________ deep cerebellar nuclei and leave cerebellum the __________ cerebellar peduncle

fastigial ; superior and inferior peduncles

Purkinje cells associated with flocculonodular lobe synapse with ________ nuclei and leave cerebellum by the ________

vestibular ; MLF

The cerebellum does have a decussation point, but it happens after leaving the superior cerebellar peduncle. Where is this decussation point located in the brainstem, and what is it called?

superior cerebellar decussation in caudal midbrain

In a finger-nose-finger test of the LEFT pointer finger, what part of the cerebellar cortex is active and what deep cerebellar nuclei are used?

left intermediate hemisphere ; interposed nuclei

Describe the cerebellar pathway used if you are currently moving an upper or lower limb

-interposed nuclei receive signal from purkinje cells in the intermediate hemisphere

-interposed axons travel up and leave through the sup. cerebellar peduncle

-interposed axons at the sup. cerebellar deussation

-interposed axons synapse with VA or VL of the thalamus

VA or VL axons go through internal capsule and corona radiate on contralateral side of the brain

-VA or VL axons synapse with UMN in the primary motor cortex

Describe the cerebellar pathway used if you are planning to throw a dart and how it will be performed

-dentate nuclei receive signals from pukinje cells in the lateral hemisphere

-dentate axons travel up and leave through the sup. cerebellar peduncle

-dentate axons decussate at the sup. cerebellar decussation

-dentate axons synapse with ventral anterior or ventral lateral nuclei of the thalamus

-VA or VL (thalamic) axons travel through internal capsule and corona radiata on contralateral side of the brain

-VA or VL axons synapse with UMN in premotor cortex, arm area