APHG chapter 12

rank-size rule

relatively developed societies produce a pattern in the size of their cities according to the a mathmatical formula

primate city

when the largest city is overly large and is at least twice the population of the second largest city

clustered rural settlement

settlement where families live close together and houses and farm buildings are clustered with fields surrounding them

dispersed rural settlement

isolated farms rather than clustered villages

why are linear rural settlements clustered around rivers

to facilitate communications and have access to water

enclosure movement

consolidating small farms into few large ones in England in the 18th century for agricultural efficiency

what early man-made features were associated with early business services

central market squares, storage for surplus supplies, places for trade

urbanization

growth of cities; population grows, more of country lives in the city

services

any job that fulfills a human need

consumer services

provide services to individual consumers who desire and can afford them; restaurants, tattoo

business services

facilitate the activities of other businesses; law, accounting, insurance

public services

provide services to the general public; firefighters, teachers, librarians

central place theory

businesses choose the right location for profit based on range and threshold

central place

attracts people from surrounding areas to exchange good and services

range

maximum distance people are willing to travel to utilize a service

threshold

the minimum number of people needed to support a service

periodic markets

intermittent markets set up in places that can afford permanent ones

global/world city

business hubs, finance/capital investments, stock market, entertainment, fashion

what are global cities ranked by

alpha, beta, gamma

what are examples of global cities?

NYC, London, Hong Kong

why do businesses do offshore banking?

to save on taxes

basic industries

generate wealth from consumers outside the settlement

examples of basic industries

proctor and gamble, kroger

non-basic industries

serve the local community

economic base

a communitys collection of basic industries

hamlet

a small settlement, smaller than a village

hinterland

the area surrounding a central place

circular rural settlement

farm settlement that has a busy center and is surrounded by homes

food desert

a place without a grocery store in a mile radius

gravity model

larger places attract more people and goods

linear rural settlement

farms that are arranged in lines following water (long lot system)

settlement

a community or group of buildings where people live

technopole

specialized areas focused on the development of technology