Anatomy - Gluteal Region and Thigh

The superficial gluteal muscles includes the

- Glute max

- Glute med

- Glute min

- TFL

The glute max is the only superficial gluteal muscle that is innervated by the

Inferior gluteal nerve

What are the deep muscles of the gluteal region

- Piriformis

- Superior/inferior gemelli

- Obturator externus/internus

- Quadratus femoris

What is the medial border of the adductor canal

Adductor longus/magnus

What is the lateral border of the adductor canal

Vastus medialis

What is the anterior border of the adductor canal

Sartorius

What are the contents of the adductor canal

- Femoral artery

- Femoral vein

- Branches of femoral nerve

Saphenous nerve is a continuation of the

Femoral nerve

After the adductor canal the saphenous nerve continues

Medially to provide cutaneous sensation to the medial leg

After the adductor hiatus, the femoral artery and vein becomes the

Popliteal artery and vein

The gluteofemoral bursae separates the

Iliotibial tract from superior part of proximal attachment of vastus lateralis

What is the purpose of the gluteal bursae

It minimizes friction to allow the greatest ease of movement

The ischial bursae separates the

Inferior part of the glute max from the ischial tuberosity

The trochanteric bursa separates the

Superior fibers of the gluteus maximus from the greater trochanter

What muscles attach to the pes anserine

- Sartorius

- Gracilis

- Semitendinosus

The deep fascia of the thigh limits

Outwards expansion of contracting muscles

The deep fascia of the lower limb allows muscular contraction to

Be more efficient in compressing veins to push blood towards the heart

The TFl encloses the

Large thigh muscles, especially laterally

The 3 compartments of the thigh are composed of

The fascia lata and three fascial intermuscular septa

Of the 3 intermuscular septa of the thigh, the lateral one is _ and the other 2 are relatively _

Especially strong; relatively weak

The lateral intermuscular septum extends from the

IT band to the lateral lip of the linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line of femur

The saphenous opening is located

Inferior to the medial part of the inguinal ligament

The saphenous opening allows for the passage of

Lymphatic vessels from the superficial inguinal lymph and the great saphenous vein and its tributaries

After passing through the saphenous opening, the great saphenous vein will

Enter the femoral vein

The anterior compartment muscles of the thigh are

Knee extensors

The posterior compartment muscles of the thigh are

Knee flexors

All of the anterior compartment muscles of the thigh are innervated by the

Femoral nerve (L2-L4)

The quadriceps muscles can be how much stronger than the hamstring muscles?

3x

In gait, the quads are active during

The termination of the swing phase, preparing the knee to accept weight

What is the primary responsibility of the quads in gait

Absorb the shock of heel strike

In bent knee activities, the quads serve as

Fixators

During downhill walking or descending stairs, the quads work

Eccentrically

Which of the quads will work on the hip joint

Rectus femoris

Ther articularis genu is an anterior muscle that is

A derivative of the vastus intermedius

What does the articularis genu do

It pulls the synovial membrane of the knee superior during extension to prevent folding

When you walk, most of the work that the hamstrings do is

Eccentric

The workhorse of the knee is the

Biceps femoris

The Q-angle is formed from the

Line from the ASIS to the patella and line from the tibial tuberosity to the patella

The normal Q-angle in men is _ and in women is _

12 degrees; 17 degrees

Genu varum is associated with a decrease in

Q-angle

Coxa valga leads to _ which leads to _

Genu varum; Decreased Q-angle

Genu valgum is associated with an increase in

Q-angle

Coxa vara leads to _ which leads to _

Genu valgum; Increased Q-angle

Genu valgum is characterized by

Knock knees

Genu varum is characterized by

Bow legs

The medial and lateral condyles of the femur serve as proximal attachment sites for the

Medial and lateral collateral ligaments

The pes anserine is medial to the

Tibial tuberosity

Coxa vara and valga exist in which plane

Frontal plane

Q-angle

The knee naturally exists with slight

Valgus

The fascia lata is comprised of

Fat, cutaneous nerves, and superficial veins

Superiorly, the fascia lata attaches to and is continuous with the

Pubic region and abdominal wall fascia

Posteriorly and laterally, the fascia lata attaches to the

Iliac crect

Posteriorly and medially, the fascia lata attaches to

Inferiorly, the fascia lata attaches to

The fascia lata thickens laterally to form the

IT band

The shared aponeurosis of the _ and _ attach to the IT band

Glute max and TFL

Muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh are innervated by the

Femoral nerve

The sartorius acts as the roof of the

Adductor canal

Concentric contraction of the quads is used to extend the knee against

Gravity

The rectus femoris is particularly efficient in movements where

Knee extension and hip flexion are combined (preparing to kick a ball)

Medial compartment muscles are primarily innervated by the

Obturator nerve

The most anterior adductor muscle is the

Adductor longus

The adductor brevis lies deep to the

Pectineus and adductor longus

The obturator splits which nerve into anteiror and posterior divisions

Obturator nerve

The most superficial adductor muscle is the

Gracilis

The adductor hiatus is formed between the

Distal attachment of the adductor part and hamstring part of the adductor magnus

The hamstrings are primarily innervated by the

Tibial division of the sciatic nerve

The two actions of the hamstrings cannot be

Performed maximally at the same time

The semimembranosus lies more _ to the semitendinosus

Medial

When the knee is flexed to 90 degrees, the tendons of the medial hamstrings pass to

The medial side of the tibia

The external iliac artery passes deep to the _ to become the _

Inguinal ligament; femoral artery

The femoral artery will branch into the

- Profunda femoral artery

- Lateral and medial circumflex femoral artery

- Perforating arteries

Veins have a one way valve to prevent

Backflow

What is a DVT and how can it be formed

Deep vein thrombosis; can be formed after surgery from blood clots in the veins by slow blood flow, vein damage, and increased clotting tendencies

The main superficial veins of the LE are

Greater and lesser saphenous veins

Deep veins of the LE are named according to their

Corresponding artery