북한 or 조선? South Korea debates what to call North Korea

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2026/may/01/south-korea-debates-what-to-call-north-korea

deceptively

tưởng chừng như..nhưng thực ra không phải vậy)

Ex 1: The task sounds ~ simple but the answer is far from straightforward, and has provided fodder (food for farm animals; 2 something or someone that is useful only for a particular purpose – used to show disapproval) for columnists (someone who writes articles, especially about a particular subject, that appear regularly in a newspaperor magazine) in recent years. The answer could even have repercussions (+ of / for = on - the effects of an action or event, especially bad effects that continue for some time → consequence) for South Korea’s constitutional position (lập trường/vị thế theo hiến pháp (cách một quốc gia hoặc tổ chức được xác định, quy định và bảo vệ bởi hiến pháp).

Ex 2: The problem may seem ~ easy, but it actually requires deep analysis to solve effectively.

straightforward

rõ ràng, dễ hiểu, đơn giản (không phức tạp)

Ex 1: The answer is far from ~. The task sounds deceptively simple but the answer is far from straightforward, and has provided fodder for columnists in recent years. The answer could even have repercussions for South Korea’s constitutional position.

Ex 2: In reality, achieving global cooperation is far from ~ due to conflicting national interests.

repercussion

hậu quả (thường mang tính tiêu cực, lâu dài)

Ex 1: The answer is far from straightforward. The task sounds deceptively simple but the answer is far from straightforward, and has provided fodder for columnists in recent years. The answer could even have ~ for South Korea’s constitutional position.

Ex 2: Poor policy decisions can have serious repercussions on a country’s economic stability.

stem from

bắt nguồn từ

Ex 1: This linguistic gap ~s South Korea’s view that the entire peninsula (bán đảo) is its territory.

Ex 2: Many social inequalities ~ differences in access to education.

constitutional

thuộc hiến pháp

Ex 1: The answer is far from straightforward. The task sounds deceptively simple but the answer is far from straightforward, and has provided fodder for columnists in recent years. The answer could even have repercussions for South Korea’s ~ position

Ex 2: Citizens should be aware of their ~ rights in order to protect themselves legally.

entrench

ăn sâu, cố hữu, khó thay đổi

Ex 1: But this position, rooted in the peninsula’s division and ~ed after the Korean War ended in an armistice in 1953, is now being tested. In recent months, unification minister Chung Dong-young has begun referring to the North by its official name of Joseon Minjujuui Inmin Gonghwaguk.

Ex 2: Gender stereotypes remain deeply entrenched in many traditional societies.

armistice

hiệp định đình chiến

Ex 1: But this position, rooted in the peninsula’s division and entrenched after the Korean War ended in an ~ in 1953, is now being tested. In recent months, unification minister Chung Dong-young has begun referring to the North by its official name of Joseon Minjujuui Inmin Gonghwaguk.

Ex 2: The ~ helped to temporarily halt the conflict, although tensions remained high.

conciliatory

mang tính hòa giải, xoa dịu

Ex 1: Since taking office, President Lee Jae Myung has adopted a more ~ approach towards North Korea, based on respecting its system, rejecting unification through absorption (sự sáp nhập) and avoiding hostile acts. He has said the two sides are “not enemies”.

Ex 2: Governments often take a ~ stance to avoid escalating international conflicts.

counterpart

phía đối tác / phía tương ứng (trong quan hệ ngoại giao)

Ex 1: How we call our ~ shows how we perceive them.

Ex 2: The minister met with his foreign ~ to discuss trade agreements.

gauge

đánh giá, đo lường (ý kiến, mức độ)

Ex 1: His ministry sponsored this week’s conference, a first step in ~ing public opinion on whether to adopt the North’s official name.

Ex 2: Surveys are commonly used to ~ public attitudes towards environmental policies.

rhetorical

mang tính tu từ / lời nói mang tính chính trị hơn là thực tế

Ex 1: The debate comes against the backdrop of North Korea’s own ~ shift.

Ex 2: Political leaders sometimes make ~ statements that are not followed by real action.

implication

hệ quả, hàm ý (thường mang tính pháp lý hoặc logic)

Ex 1: The legal ~s remain contested.

Ex 2: The long-term ~s of artificial intelligence are still widely debated.

constitute

cấu thành, được coi là (về mặt pháp lý/chính thức)

Ex 1: The legal implications remain contested. Kwon Eun-min, a lawyer at Kim & Chang, said that calling North Korea by its official name does not automatically ~ recognising it as a state, noting that the two Koreas have used each other’s official names in summits and signed agreements over the decades.

Ex 2: Such actions may ~ a violation of international law.

violation

sự vi phạm

Ex 1: But critics have pushed back hard. Song Eon-seok, a senior member of the opposition conservative People Power party (đảng Quyền lực Nhân dân - đảng chính trị bảo thủ lớn ở Hàn Quốc), wrote on Facebook that the move was “a clear ~ of the constitution” that would mean “recognising the North as a separate, equal state”.

Ex 2: Freedom of speech should not be restricted unless it constitutes a ~ of others’ rights.

enshrine

ghi nhận (trong luật/hiến pháp), bảo vệ chính thức

Ex 1: South Korea’s constitution declares in Article 3 that “the territory of the Republic of Korea shall consist of the Korean Peninsula and its adjacent (liền kề, sát bên) islands”, while Article 4 ~s a duty of “peaceful unification”. Critics argue that using the North’s official name contradicts (mâu thuẫn, trái ngược (với điều gì đó)) both.

Ex 2: Many countries ~ basic human rights in their constitutions.

16. coexistence

sự cùng tồn tại (hòa bình) Ex 1: Expand the space for peaceful coexistence. Ex 2: Cultural diversity encourages peaceful coexistence among different communities.