Earth Processes Quiz

What does the Continental Drift Hypothesis state?

300 million years ago there was a supercontinent and soon the continents broke apart and went to their modern-day position.

Give 3 pieces of evidence that supports the Continental Drift Hypothesis:

identical fossils on different sides of the ocean, similar rock layers, physical shapes similar to a puzzle piece.

What was the supercontinent called?

Pangaea

What is the Elastic Rebound Theory?

Faults move, snap back, causes an earthquake

What are the three types of stress?

compression, tension, shear

compression stress forms these kinds of plate boundary movements:

convergent, coming together

tension stress forms these kinds of plate boundary movements:

divergent, apart

shear stress forms these kinds of plate boundary movements:

transform, sliding past one another

a tsunami is:

a series of waves produced when an earthquake transfers energy to the ocean.

the point where the rocks breaks along the fault:

focus

spot directly above the focus on the Earth surface:

epicenter

How can you determine the age of the rocks at divergent plate boundaries?

The rocks that are closer to the boundary will be younger than the rocks that are farther from the boundary.

The types of lava/magma we researched:

felsic, intermediate, mafic, ultramafic

Hot spots create these:

volcanic island chains

Give 3 examples of volcanic island chains:

Hawaii, Galapagos, Iceland

What is the Ring of Fire?

Major area in the Pacific Ocean that contains a large amount of volcanoes, earthquakes, ocean trenches, volcanic arcs, and plate movements

caldera

when a volcano collapses into its magma chamber

atoll

a dormant volcano that is completely submerged int he ocean, becomes a reef for the marine life

Convergent plate boundary movement:

2 plates move together, takes place between 2 continental, 2 oceanic, or continental and oceanic

Convergent plate boundaries form:

trenches, mountains, and subduction zones

Divergent plate boundaries are formed when:

plates move apart from each other, creates crust

Divergent plate boundaries form:

submarine mountain ranges, seafloor spreading, Rift Valley

Transform plate boundaries form when:

plates slide horizontally past each other.

Transform plate boundaries form these:

earthquakes and San Andres Fault