Population and Migration Patterns and Processes

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to population dynamics and migration patterns as discussed in the lecture notes.

Population Distribution

The pattern of human settlement—the spread of people across the earth.

Population Density

A measure of the average population per square mile or kilometer of an area.

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

The number of live births per year for each 1,000 people.

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

The average number of children who would be born per woman of childbearing age in a country.

Demographic Transition Model (DTM)

A model that represents the transition of countries from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as they develop.

Push Factors

Negative circumstances, events, or conditions present where people live that compel them to leave.

Pull Factors

Positive conditions or circumstances that attract people to a new location.

Step Migration

The process of migrating to a destination through a series of smaller, intermediate moves.

Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs)

People who are forced to flee their homes but remain within their country's borders.

Refugees

People who cross international borders to seek safety and protection in another country due to danger or persecution.

Brain Drain

The emigration of educated or professional people from one country to another, often due to better opportunities.

Xenophobia

A strong dislike or fear of people from other countries or cultures.

Remittances

Money sent back home by migrants to their families or communities.

Transnational Migration

Migration that occurs across national borders.

Voluntary Migration

Migration that occurs when individuals choose to move based on personal decisions.

Forced Migration

Migration that occurs when individuals are compelled to move due to external factors like war or natural disasters.

Cultural Enclaves

Neighborhoods filled primarily with people of the same ethnic group, contributing to the cultural diversity of receiving countries.