Medical Careers | Final Exam Study Guide

Vocabulary-based flashcards covering key concepts from the Medical Careers Final Exam study guide, including body systems, vital signs, safety, and procedures.

Epithelial Tissue

Tissue that covers surfaces and lines organs.

Connective Tissue

Tissue that supports and protects.

Muscle Tissue

Tissue that produces movement.

Nervous Tissue

Tissue found in the brain and spinal cord.

Skeletal muscle

Tissue that produces body movement.

Smooth muscle

Tissue that controls involuntary actions.

Cardiac muscle

Tissue found only in the heart.

Biohazard containers

Containers used for bloodborne pathogen materials and contaminated waste.

Vaccines

prevents disease but do not treat existing infections.

Open posture

Communication stance that includes facing the patient, arms relaxed at sides, and good eye contact.

Signs of anxiety

Physical symptoms including sweaty palms and increased blood pressure.

The Joint Commission

Medical organization that reviews patient records and monitors healthcare quality standards.

Normal oral temperature

$97.6^{\circ}\text{F} - 99.6^{\circ}\text{F}$.

What is the most accurate temperature measurement method

Rectal temperature

Normal adult heart rate

$60-100\text{ bpm}$.

Systolic pressure

The highest pressure during heart contraction.

Diastolic pressure

The lowest pressure during heart relaxation.

Skin (Integumentary System)

Organ system that regulates temperature, protects against dehydration, provides an infection barrier, and produces Vitamin D.

Pituitary gland

Known as the master gland, it releases hormones including GH, TSH, and FSH.

Ultrasound

Imaging used during pregnancy to monitor placental placement, birth defects, and baby growth.

MRI

Imaging that cannot safely be performed on patients with pacemakers or metal implants.

Protein

Nutrient that helps build and repair tissues and regulate body functions.

Molecule

A substance made of two or more atoms bonded together.

Abdominal cavity

The body cavity where most digestive organs are located.

Cell body

contains organelles and produces energy and proteins.

Axon

conducts nerve impulses.

Schwann cells

Cells that produce the myelin sheath.

Formed elements

The components of blood consisting of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

Average adult blood volume

$4-6\text{ liters}$.

First-degree burns

Burns causing redness, swelling, and pain.

Second-degree burns

Burns involving blisters and partial-thickness damage.

Third-degree burns

Burns involving full-thickness tissue destruction.

Laser Surgery

Facilitates quick healing and infection prevention using precise and sterile techniques

Duties of a MA

Educate patients about treatment, prepare exam rooms and maintain infection control, assist physicians.

• record exam and test results as soon as they’re available

• When answering phone, identify office and urself

• Often file insurance claims and handle insurer payments

Preparing the examination room

sanitize equipment, stock supplies, prepare instruments

Infection control

maintain strict housekeeping standards, proper handwashing, use PPE, proper sharps disposal

Preventing Wound Infection

Cleanse the wound, irrigation, debridement, dressing application

diaphysis

shalf of long bone

epiphysis

ends of long bones; covered by articular cartilages

Medullary cavity

hollow center of bone

endosteum

membrane lining inside bone

Digestive system

• saliva contains digestive enzymes and chemical digestion begins in the mouth

• the esophageal hiatus is the opening in the diaphragm for the esophagus

• Avoid alcohol to reduce cirrhosis risk

Hepatitis

liver inflammation

Respiratory system

• cilia removes pathogens and debris; tiny hair-like structures that moves mucus to pharynx

• asthma - causes inflammation and obstruction of bronchial tubes

Cardiovascular and blood

• Dysrhythmia = caused by elevated potassium ions

• Erythropoietin = controls RBC production

• Filtration = forces water thru capillary walls

Nervous system

Axons send impulses away from cell body; spicy food stimulate pain receptors

Muscular system

• peristalsis = produced by visceral smooth muscles

• found in internal organs and blood vessels

• moves food and ova thru tubes

Toddler development

Walk independently by age 1

Depression in the Elderly

some patients fear mental health medication; treatment may take longer than expected

• often untreated b/c symptoms are mistaken as normal part of aging

• MA are expected to spend more time caring for elderly in the future

Tetanus

Caused by punctured wounds from contaminated objects

Asthma

Inflammation and obstruction of bronchial tubes

Meaningful use of EHRs

Step 1 includes electronic documentation of visits, diagnoses, prescriptions, and immunizations

Personal health records

owned by patient

Reception Area Music

provides soothing background sound

Thermometers

Disposable thermometers are the least accurate

CMA recertification

must rectify every 2 yrs

Ergonomics

lower legs should be perpendicular to the floor while seated

Maslow’s Hierarchy

Self-actualization (highest level of Maslow’s Hierarchy) includes personal growth, balance, and fulfillment

OSHA

protects workers from workplace hazards

Cirrhosis

Chronic liver disease often linked to alcohol

Patient liability

what patient owes after insurance pays

Osteoporosis

can be prevented by not smoking anymore

radial pulse

located on thumb side of inner wrist

plasma

makes up 55% of blood

Gluteus medius

moves the thigh

Vertebrae

irregular bones

Mitral valve

aka bicuspid valve

Edema

develops when lymphs can’t move properly

Basal cell carcinoma

most common form of skin cancer

Bronchitis

associated with smoking and can increase lung cancer risk

Cerebral palsy

major birth related crippling disorder in children

Computer server

centralized storage computer for shared information

Crohn’s Disease

Autoimmune diseases; occurs when body attacks its own tissues

B cells

Produces memory cells; helps body respond faster during future exposure to the same antigen

AIDS

Have decreased lymphocytes because HIV attacks T cells

Humerus

Long bone

Trapezius muscle

helps move the shoulder

Skeletal Muscle

attaches to bones; contracts rapidly and responds to acetylcholine; intercalated discs are found only in cardiac muscle

orthopedics

branch of medicine dealing with the musculoskeletal system

Apnea

lack of breathing

dyspnea

difficult breathing

Eupnea

Normal breathing

Hyperpnea

increased breathing

glottis

opening between vocal cords

Carbon dioxide and breathing

higher carbon dioxide levels = faster rate and depth of breathing

platelets

essentials for blood clotting

neutral pH

7

vision impairment

provide instruction sheets in large print for visually impaired patients

Premium (insurance term)

Monthly payment

copayment (insurance term)

Patient payment at visit

Coinsurance (insurance term)

shared cost percentage

unbundling

billing separately for bundled services

Symptoms vs Sign

• Symptoms = patient reported (Pain)

• signs = observable findings (fevers, rash, swelling)

Carpal tunnel syndrome

caused by improper keyboard positioning